The People of Jerusalem 1So all Israel was recorded in the genealogies written in the Book of the Kings of Israel. But Judah was exiled to Babylon because of their unfaithfulness. 2Now the first to resettle their own property in their cities were Israelites, priests, Levites, and temple servants.a 3Some of the descendants of Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim, and Manasseh lived in Jerusalem: 4Uthai son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the son of Bani, a descendant of Perez son of Judah. 5From the Shilonites: Asaiah the firstborn and his sons. 6From the Zerahites: 7From the Benjamites: Sallu son of Meshullam, the son of Hodaviah, the son of Hassenuah; 8Ibneiah son of Jeroham; Elah son of Uzzi, the son of Michri; Meshullam son of Shephatiah, the son of Reuel, the son of Ibnijah; 9and 956 of their relatives according to their genealogy. All these men were heads of their families. 10From the priests: Jedaiah, Jehoiarib, and Jachin; 11Azariah son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the chief official of God’s temple; 12Adaiah son of Jeroham, the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah; Maasai son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith,b the son of Immer; 13and 1,760 of their relatives, the heads of their families, able men for the work of the service of the house of God. 14From the Levites: Shemaiah son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, a descendant of Merari; 15Bakbakkar, Heresh, Galal, and Mattaniah son of Mica, the son of Zichri, the son of Asaph; 16Obadiah son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun; and Berechiah son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, who lived in the villages of the Netophathites. 17These were the gatekeepers: Shallum, Akkub, Talmon, Ahiman, and their relatives. Shallum was their chief; 18he was previously stationed at the King’s Gate on the east side. These were the gatekeepers from the camp of the Levites. 19Shallum son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph,c the son of Korah, and his relatives from the Korahites were assigned to guard the thresholds of the Tent, just as their fathers had been assigned to guard the entrance to the dwelling of the LORD. 20In earlier times Phinehas son of Eleazar had been in charge of the gatekeepers, and the LORD was with him. 21Zechariah son of Meshelemiah was the gatekeeper at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 22The number of those chosen to be gatekeepers at the thresholds was 212. They were registered by genealogy in their villages. David and Samuel the seer had appointed them to their positions of trust. 23So they and their descendants were assigned to guard the gates of the house of the LORD—the house called the Tent. 24The gatekeepers were stationed on the four sides: east, west, north, and south. 25Their relatives came from their villages at fixed times to serve with them for seven-day periods. 26But the four chief gatekeepers, who were Levites, were entrusted with the rooms and the treasuries of the house of God. 27They would spend the night stationed around the house of God, because they were responsible for guarding it and opening it every morning. 28Some of them were in charge of the articles used in worship, to count them whenever they were brought in or taken out. 29Others were put in charge of the furnishings and other articles of the sanctuary, as well as the fine flour, wine, oil, frankincense, and spices. 30And some of the sons of the priests mixed the spices. 31A Levite named Mattithiah, the firstborn son of Shallum the Korahite, was entrusted with baking the bread. 32Some of their Kohathite relatives were responsible for preparing the rows of the showbread every Sabbath. 33Those who were musicians, the heads of Levite families, stayed in the temple chambers and were exempt from other duties because they were on duty day and night. 34All these were heads of Levite families, chiefs according to their genealogies, and they lived in Jerusalem. The Descendants of Saul 35Jeiel the fatherd of Gibeon lived in Gibeon. His wife’s name was Maacah. 36Abdon was his firstborn son, then Zur, Kish, Baal, Ner, Nadab, 37Gedor, Ahio, Zechariah, and Mikloth. 38Mikloth was the father of Shimeam.e They too lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem. 39Ner was the father of Kish, Kish was the father of Saul, and Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-baal. 40The son of Jonathan: Merib-baal, who was the father of Micah. 41The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tahrea, and Ahaz.f 42Ahaz was the father of Jarah; Jarahg was the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri was the father of Moza. 43Moza was the father of Binea. Rephaiahh was his son, Elasah his son, and Azel his son. 44And Azel had six sons, and these were their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. These were the sons of Azel. Footnotes: 2 a Hebrew Nethinim 12 b Meshillemith is a variant of Meshillemoth; see Nehemiah 11:13. 19 c Ebiasaph is a variant of Abiasaph; see Exodus 6:24. 35 d Or the founder 38 e Shimeam is a variant of Shimeah; see 1 Chronicles 8:32. 41 f Vulgate and Syriac (see also LXX and 1 Chronicles 8:35); Hebrew Pithon, Melech, and Tahrea; note that Tahrea is a variant of Tarea. 42 g Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX Jadah; Jadah; note that Jarah and Jadah are variants of Jehoaddah; see 1 Chronicles 8:36. 43 h Rephaiah is a variant of Raphah; see 1 Chronicles 8:37. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  1 Chronicles 9 Summary The People of JerusalemVerses 1–2 – Records and Return Verses 3–9 – Citizens of Jerusalem: Judah and Benjamin Verses 10–13 – Priestly Houses Verses 14–16 – Levites and Singers Verses 17–27 – Gatekeepers and Guardians Verses 28–32 – Stewards and Bread-Makers Verses 33–34 – Night-and-Day Singers Verses 35–44 – Saul’s Family Record 1 Chronicles 9 takes us on a journey back in time, recording the events that happened when the Israelites returned from exile to Jerusalem. The chapter brings out the necessity of keeping records, illustrating how the Israelites traced their genealogies and highlighting the roles and duties of the Levites and gatekeepers in the newly rebuilt Temple. The chapter ends on a somber note, recalling King Saul's lineage and his tragic end. The Setting: After the Exile, Before the New Testament First Chronicles 9 forms a bridge. It rewinds to Saul’s line yet plants us firmly after the Babylonian captivity (v. 1). By listing who came home, the writer reassures a chastened nation that God still knows every name (Isaiah 43:1). Why the Focus on Jerusalem? • Jerusalem is the worship center (Psalm 48:1-2). • Re-populating it fulfills Jeremiah 29:10-14. • Including tribes beyond Judah (Ephraim, Manasseh) hints at national reunification (Ezekiel 37:15-22). Priests and Levites: Continuity of Worship The Zadokite high-priestly line (vv. 10-11) points back to David (2 Samuel 8:17) and forward to a purified priesthood (Malachi 3:3). Counting “capable men” stresses fitness for ministry, echoing Paul’s call for approved workers (2 Timothy 2:15). Gatekeepers: Keeping Holiness Intact • Origins: Korah’s descendants once rebelled (Numbers 16) yet now guard the gates—a redemption story. • Duties: security, inventory, and hospitality control (Psalm 84:10, “Better a doorkeeper…”). • Organization: 24-hour shifts (v. 25) anticipate New Testament language of “watchfulness” (Mark 13:34-37). Temple Provisioning: A Well-Oiled Machine Verses 28-32 expose the logistics behind public worship: 1. Inventory clerks count vessels in and out. 2. Supply officers manage grain, oil, wine—matching Leviticus 24:5-9 for showbread and Exodus 30:34-38 for incense. 3. Bakers like Mattithiah ensure fresh bread weekly, symbolizing God’s unfailing provision (John 6:35). Music Ministry: Praise Without Pause Singers stay “on duty day and night” (v. 33). This mirrors Psalm 134 and anticipates heavenly worship in Revelation 4:8, where praise never ceases. Their exemption from other tasks underscores the priority of worship over every activity. Saul’s Lineage: Hope Mixed with Caution Re-recording Saul’s house (vv. 35-44) does three things: • Honors Benjaminite settlers (v. 7) by spotlighting their most famous ancestor. • Reminds readers of past failures, as Saul’s account ends in tragedy (1 Samuel 31). • Shows God’s grace—Jonathan’s son Merib-baal (Mephibosheth) survives, protected by covenant (2 Samuel 9). Archaeological and Historical Notes • “King’s Gate on the east” (v. 18) likely aligns with the Eastern Gate of the Second-Temple wall. Pottery layers from the Persian period (5th-4th century BC) confirm renewed occupation around this time. • Babylonian ration tablets list Jehoiachin and royal kin, backing v. 1’s reference to the exile and chronicled returns. • Netophathite villages (v. 16) are matched to sites southwest of Jerusalem; Persian-era seals reading “Yhwḥ” have been dug up there. Cross-Scripture Connections • 1 Chronicles 9 = Nehemiah 11:1-24 lists—joint evidence for the same resettlement. • “Registered by genealogy” (v. 22) echoes Numbers 1 and prepares for Matthew 1 and Luke 3, where genealogies prove Messiah’s lineage. • Night-and-day Levite service (v. 33) foreshadows the call for believers to “pray without ceasing” (1 Thessalonians 5:17). Takeaway for Today God keeps records, values every role, and restores what sin scattered. Whether guarding doors, counting dishes, or singing through the night, faithfulness in small assignments shapes a worshiping community that stands the test of exile, return, and every challenge in between. Connections to Additional Scriptures Ezra 2This chapter parallels 1 Chronicles 9, providing another account of the return from exile and the restoration of the community. Nehemiah 7 Offers further insight into the genealogies and the rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem. Psalm 126:1-3 Reflects the joy and gratitude of the Israelites upon their return, When the LORD restored the captives of Zion, we were like dreamers. Teaching Points Restoration and Return1 Chronicles 9:2 states, Now the first to resettle their own property in their cities were Israelites, priests, Levites, and temple servants. This verse underscores the theme of restoration, as God brings His people back to their land. Priestly Duties Verses 10-13 detail the roles of the priests, emphasizing the importance of maintaining worship and temple service. This highlights the centrality of worship in the life of God's people. Levites and Gatekeepers Verses 14-27 describe the responsibilities of the Levites and gatekeepers, illustrating the organized structure and dedication required in serving God. Faithfulness in Service The chapter concludes with a focus on the faithfulness of those who served in the temple, reminding us of the importance of steadfastness in our own service to God. Practical Applications Embrace RestorationJust as God restored Israel, He can restore our lives. Trust in His power to renew and rebuild what has been broken. Prioritize Worship Make worship a central part of your life, recognizing its importance in maintaining a strong relationship with God. Serve Faithfully Whether in church or in daily life, commit to serving God with dedication and integrity, just as the Levites and gatekeepers did. Value Community Recognize the importance of community and fellowship, as seen in the resettlement of the Israelites in their cities. People 1. JudahThe tribe of Judah is mentioned as the first to return and settle in Jerusalem. This reflects the tribe's prominence and leadership role among the Israelites. 2. Benjamin The tribe of Benjamin is also noted for its members who returned to Jerusalem. This tribe had a close historical connection with Judah. 3. Ephraim and Manasseh These tribes are mentioned together, representing the northern tribes of Israel that also had members returning to Jerusalem. 4. Uthai A descendant of Ammihud, from the tribe of Judah. His lineage is traced back to Perez, a son of Judah. 5. Asaiah A leader from the tribe of Benjamin, specifically from the family of the Shilonites. 6. Jeuel Another leader from the tribe of Benjamin, representing the family of the Zerahites. 7. Sallu A Benjamite, son of Meshullam, and a descendant of Joed. 8. Ibneiah A Benjamite, son of Jeroham. 9. Elah A Benjamite, son of Uzzi, and a descendant of Michri. 10. Meshullam A Benjamite, son of Shephatiah, and a descendant of Reuel. 11. Jedaiah A priest, son of Joiarib, from the family of the priests who returned to Jerusalem. 12. Jehoiarib A priestly family mentioned in the context of those serving in the temple. 13. Jachin Another priestly family serving in the temple. 14. Azariah A chief officer of the house of God, son of Hilkiah, and a descendant of Zadok. 15. Adaiah A priest, son of Jeroham, and a descendant of Pashhur. 16. Maasai A priest, son of Adiel, and a descendant of Immer. 17. Shallum A Levite, son of Kore, and a descendant of Ebiasaph, serving as a gatekeeper. 18. Akkub A Levite gatekeeper, son of Azrikam. 19. Talmon A Levite gatekeeper, son of Ahiman. 20. Ahiman A Levite gatekeeper, mentioned as a leader among his brothers. 21. Mattithiah A Levite, son of Mika, and a descendant of Asaph, serving in the temple. 22. Bakbakkar A Levite, mentioned among those serving in the temple. 23. Obadiah A Levite, son of Shemaiah, and a descendant of Galal. 24. Berechiah A Levite, son of Asa, and a descendant of Elkanah. 25. Zechariah A Levite, son of Meshelemiah, serving as a gatekeeper. 26. Shallum A chief gatekeeper, son of Kore, and a descendant of Ebiasaph. 27. Phinehas Mentioned as a leader over the gatekeepers in earlier times, son of Eleazar. 28. Zechariah A gatekeeper, son of Meshelemiah. 29. Hilkiah A priest, father of Azariah, and a descendant of Zadok. 30. Jeroham A priest, father of Adaiah. 31. Adiel A priest, father of Maasai. Places 1. JerusalemJerusalem is the central city mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9. It is the city where the Israelites, including priests, Levites, and other groups, returned to live after the Babylonian exile. In Hebrew, Jerusalem is "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim), which is often considered the spiritual and political center of Israel. 2. Gibeon Gibeon is mentioned in the context of the genealogy of the Benjamites. It was a significant city in the tribal territory of Benjamin. The Hebrew name is "גִּבְעוֹן" (Giv'on), and it was known for its strategic location and historical significance in Israel's history. Events 1. Return of the ExilesThe chapter begins by noting the return of the Israelites from exile. It states, "So all Israel was recorded in the genealogies in the Book of the Kings of Israel. And Judah was taken into exile to Babylon because of their unfaithfulness" (1 Chronicles 9:1). This highlights the historical context of the Israelites' return from Babylonian captivity, emphasizing their previous unfaithfulness as the cause of their exile. 2. Settlement in Jerusalem The chapter details the resettlement of various groups in Jerusalem. "Now the first to resettle their own property in their cities were Israelites, priests, Levites, and temple servants" (1 Chronicles 9:2). This indicates the re-establishment of the community in their ancestral lands, focusing on the religious and social structure. 3. Genealogies of the Priests and Levites The genealogies of the priests and Levites are recorded, emphasizing their roles and responsibilities. "The priests: Jedaiah, Jehoiarib, Jachin, Azariah son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, the chief officer of the house of God" (1 Chronicles 9:10-11). This underscores the continuity of the priestly line and their duties in the temple. 4. Duties of the Levites The chapter outlines the specific duties of the Levites. "Some of them were in charge of the articles used in worship, to count them whenever they were brought in or taken out" (1 Chronicles 9:28). This highlights the organizational structure and the importance of maintaining the temple's sanctity and order. 5. Role of the Gatekeepers The role of the gatekeepers is described, emphasizing their importance in temple security and order. "The gatekeepers were stationed on the four sides: east, west, north, and south" (1 Chronicles 9:24). This reflects the structured approach to temple service and the safeguarding of sacred spaces. 6. Musicians and Their Responsibilities The chapter mentions the musicians and their responsibilities in temple worship. "The musicians, the heads of Levite families, stayed in the temple chambers and were exempt from other duties because they were responsible for the work day and night" (1 Chronicles 9:33). This highlights the centrality of worship and music in the religious life of the community. 7. Summary of the Genealogies The chapter concludes with a summary of the genealogies, reiterating the importance of lineage and heritage. "These were the heads of the Levite families, chiefs according to their genealogies, and they lived in Jerusalem" (1 Chronicles 9:34). This serves to reinforce the continuity and stability of the religious leadership in post-exilic Jerusalem. Topics 1. Genealogies of the Returned Exiles1 Chronicles 9 begins with a recounting of the genealogies of the Israelites who returned from the Babylonian exile. This section emphasizes the continuity of God's people and their heritage. The Hebrew term "יָשַׁב" (yashab), meaning "to return" or "to dwell," underscores the restoration of the Israelites to their homeland. 2. The Inhabitants of Jerusalem Verses 2-9 detail the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including the people of Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim, and Manasseh. This highlights the repopulation of the holy city and the reestablishment of its significance. The term "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim) is central, representing the city of peace and its spiritual importance. 3. The Priests and Levites Verses 10-13 focus on the priests and Levites who served in the temple. This section underscores the importance of maintaining religious duties and the continuity of worship practices. The Hebrew word "כֹּהֵן" (kohen) for priest and "לֵוִי" (Levi) for Levite are key, reflecting their roles in spiritual leadership. 4. The Gatekeepers Verses 17-27 describe the gatekeepers and their responsibilities in guarding the temple. This highlights the need for vigilance and protection of sacred spaces. The term "שֹׁמֵר" (shomer), meaning "guard" or "watchman," is significant in understanding their role. 5. The Duties of the Levites Verses 28-34 outline the various duties of the Levites, including overseeing the temple's treasures and preparing offerings. This section emphasizes the organized structure of temple service and the Levites' dedication. The Hebrew root "עָבַד" (avad), meaning "to serve," is relevant here. 6. The Family of Saul Verses 35-44 conclude with the genealogy of Saul, Israel's first king. This serves as a reminder of the monarchy's origins and the divine selection of leadership. The name "שָׁאוּל" (Shaul) is significant, reflecting Saul's role in Israel's history. Themes 1. Genealogical Records and Continuity1 Chronicles 9 emphasizes the importance of genealogical records, highlighting the continuity of the Israelite community. The chapter begins with a summary of the genealogies of Israel, underscoring the significance of lineage and heritage in maintaining the identity of God's chosen people. This theme is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "toledot" (תּוֹלְדוֹת), meaning generations or genealogies, which is a recurring motif in the Hebrew Bible. 2. Restoration and Return from Exile The chapter notes the return of the Israelites from Babylonian exile, emphasizing God's faithfulness in restoring His people to their land. This theme reflects the Hebrew word "shuv" (שׁוּב), meaning to return or restore, illustrating God's redemptive plan and the hope of renewal for His people. 3. Priestly and Levitical Roles 1 Chronicles 9 details the roles and responsibilities of the priests and Levites, highlighting the importance of worship and service in the temple. This theme underscores the Hebrew concept of "kohen" (כֹּהֵן) for priests and "levi" (לֵוִי) for Levites, emphasizing their sacred duties in maintaining the spiritual life of the community. 4. Faithfulness in Service The chapter lists various individuals who were faithful in their service to the temple, illustrating the theme of dedication and commitment to God's work. This theme is reflected in the Hebrew word "emunah" (אֱמוּנָה), meaning faithfulness or steadfastness, highlighting the importance of serving God with integrity and devotion. 5. Community and Order The organization of the community, as described in 1 Chronicles 9, emphasizes the importance of order and structure within the people of God. This theme is related to the Hebrew concept of "seder" (סֵדֶר), meaning order, which is essential for maintaining harmony and unity within the community. 6. Divine Providence and Sovereignty The chapter implicitly reflects on God's providence and sovereignty in orchestrating the return from exile and the re-establishment of the community. This theme is rooted in the Hebrew understanding of "Yahweh" (יְהוָה) as the sovereign Lord who guides and sustains His people throughout history. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can 1 Chronicles 9:1 claim all Israel was recorded in genealogies when many tribes’ lineages appear incomplete or missing elsewhere? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What does the meticulous genealogical record in 1 Chronicles 9 reveal about the importance of history and identity for the Israelites? 2. How does the return of the Israelites from exile reflect the theme of restoration and rebuilding? 3. What can we learn from the defined roles and duties of the Levites and gatekeepers? How does this apply to our own responsibilities within our communities? 4. How does the account of the lineage of King Saul serve as a cautionary tale? 5. How can we apply the principle of unity observed in this chapter to our modern-day societies? 6. What lessons about perseverance can we learn from the Israelites' return to Jerusalem after exile? 7. How does the practice of tracing genealogies influence our understanding of personal and communal identities today? 8. How does the allocation of different responsibilities to the Levites inspire us to respect and value diverse roles in our communities? 9. What modern practices can we compare to the gatekeeping done by the Levites? 10. How can the story of the Israelites' return inspire individuals going through personal "exiles" or challenging times? 11. How does the account of King Saul's lineage reflect on the consequences of disobedience and pride? 12. How does the rebuilding of the temple symbolize the restoration of spiritual commitment? 13. What does the recording of all Israel in genealogies tell us about the value of every individual in the community? 14. How can we promote unity within diversity, as seen in the variety of roles carried out by the Levites? 15. What insights about leadership can we glean from the lineage of King Saul? 16. How can we maintain our faith and cultural identity in times of dislocation, as the Israelites did during their exile? 17. How can we apply the Israelites' communal rebuilding effort to addressing societal problems today? 18. How can the faithfulness of God, as shown in the restoration of the Israelites, inspire us in our own spiritual journeys? 19. How can the concept of 'return' in 1 Chronicles 9 guide individuals who have strayed from their personal goals or spiritual paths? 20. What can we learn from the meticulous genealogical records in terms of honoring our past and preserving history for future generations? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
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