And there was evening, and there was morning—
This phrase marks the completion of the fourth day of creation. The repetition of "evening" and "morning" throughout Genesis 1 emphasizes the orderly and structured nature of God's creative work. In the Hebrew text, "evening" is "ereb" and "morning" is "boqer." This cycle of evening and morning signifies a full day, underscoring the rhythm and intentionality in God's creation. The use of these terms also reflects the Jewish understanding of a day beginning at sunset, which is a practice still observed in Jewish tradition today. This cyclical pattern reminds us of God's sovereignty over time and His establishment of order in the universe.

the fourth day
The "fourth day" marks a significant point in the creation narrative. On this day, God created the celestial bodies—the sun, moon, and stars—to govern the day and night and to serve as signs for seasons, days, and years. The Hebrew word for "day" is "yom," which can mean a 24-hour period or an undefined period of time. In the context of Genesis 1, conservative Christian interpretation often views these as literal 24-hour days, emphasizing God's power to create the universe in a structured and timely manner. The creation of the celestial bodies on the fourth day highlights God's provision for humanity, as these bodies not only provide light but also help in marking time and seasons, which are essential for agricultural and religious observances. This day serves as a reminder of God's meticulous care and the intricate design of His creation.

Verse 19. - And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. The Scripture references to this day's work are both numerous and instructive (cf. Job 9:9; 37:31; Psalm 8; Psalm 19; Psalm 104; Psalm 147.). The Hebrew writers supply no information as to the astronomical theories which were prevalent in their time; yet "from other sources we have facts leading to the belief that even in the time of Moses there was not a little practical astronomy in the East, and some good theory. The Chaldeans at a very early period had ascertained the principal circles of the sphere, the position of the poles, and the nature of the apparent motions of the heavens as the results of revolution on an inclined axis. The Egyptian astronomers, whom we know through Thales, , taught the true nature of the moon's light, the sphericity of the earth, and the position of its five zones. Pythagoras, , knew, in addition, the obliquity of the ecliptic, the identity of the evening and morning star, and the earth's revolution round the sun" (Dawson, 'O.W.,' p. 207). Modern astronomy, though possessed of highly probable theories as to the formation of the universe, is still unable to speak with absolute precision with regard to this fourth day's work. Yet them are not wanting indirect corroborations of the truth of the Mosaic narrative from both it and geology. According to the sacred writer, the presently existing atmosphere, the distribution of land and water, the succession of day and night, and the regular alternation of the seasons, were established prior to the introduction of animal life upon the earth; and Sir Charles Lyell has demonstrated nothing more successfully than the dominion of "existing causes" from the Eozoic era downwards, and the sufficiency of these causes to account for all the changes which have taken place in the earth's crust. Again, geology attests the prevalence on our globe in prehistoric times of a much more uniform and high temperature than it now possesses, so late as the Miocene era a genial tropical climate having extended up beyond the Arctic circle, and in the earliest eras of the history of the globe, in all probability, the entire sphere bring so favored with excessive heat. Different causes have been suggested for this phenomenon; as, e.g., the greater heat of the cooling globe (the earliest geologists), a different distribution of land and water (Lyell), variations in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit (Herschell and. Croll), changes in the earth's axis (Evans, Drayson, Bell), and the greater intensity of the sun's heat; Sir W Thomson, 'Trans. Geolog. Soc.,' Glasgow, 1877). The Biblical narrative, by distinctly teaching that the sun was perfected on the fourth day, renders it intelligible that his influence on the surface of the earth was then at its greatest, causing tropical climates to prevail and tropical vegetation to abound, both of which have gradually disappeared from the polar regions in consequence of the sun's diminished heat. It remains only to note that the Chaldean Genesis preserves a striking reminiscence of this day's work; the obverse of the fifth creation tablet reading -

1. It was delightful, all that was fixed by the great gods,

2. Stars, their appearance (in figures) of animals he arranged.

3. To fix the year through the observation of their constellations. . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...

And there was
וַֽיְהִי־ (way·hî-)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

evening,
עֶ֥רֶב (‘e·reḇ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6153: Evening

and there was
וַֽיְהִי־ (way·hî-)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

morning—
בֹ֖קֶר (ḇō·qer)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1242: Dawn, morning

the fourth
רְבִיעִֽי׃ (rə·ḇî·‘î)
Number - ordinal masculine singular
Strong's 7243: Fourth, a fourth

day.
י֥וֹם (yō·wm)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3117: A day


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OT Law: Genesis 1:19 There was evening and there was morning (Gen. Ge Gn)