Psalm 104:19
New International Version
He made the moon to mark the seasons, and the sun knows when to go down.

New Living Translation
You made the moon to mark the seasons, and the sun knows when to set.

English Standard Version
He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its time for setting.

Berean Standard Bible
He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows when to set.

King James Bible
He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

New King James Version
He appointed the moon for seasons; The sun knows its going down.

New American Standard Bible
He made the moon for the seasons; The sun knows the place of its setting.

NASB 1995
He made the moon for the seasons; The sun knows the place of its setting.

NASB 1977
He made the moon for the seasons; The sun knows the place of its setting.

Legacy Standard Bible
He made the moon for the seasons; The sun knows the place of its setting.

Amplified Bible
He made the moon for the seasons; The sun knows the [exact] place of its setting.

Christian Standard Bible
He made the moon to mark the festivals; the sun knows when to set.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He made the moon to mark the festivals; the sun knows when to set.

American Standard Version
He appointed the moon for seasons: The sun knoweth his going down.

Contemporary English Version
You created the moon to tell us the seasons. The sun knows when to set,

English Revised Version
He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
He created the moon, which marks the seasons, and the sun, which knows when to set.

Good News Translation
You created the moon to mark the months; the sun knows the time to set.

International Standard Version
He made the moon to mark time; the sun knows its setting time.

Majority Standard Bible
He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows when to set.

NET Bible
He made the moon to mark the months, and the sun sets according to a regular schedule.

New Heart English Bible
He appointed the moon for seasons. The sun knows when to set.

Webster's Bible Translation
He appointeth the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

World English Bible
He appointed the moon for seasons. The sun knows when to set.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
He made the moon for seasons, "" The sun has known his place of entrance.

Young's Literal Translation
He made the moon for seasons, The sun hath known his place of entrance.

Smith's Literal Translation
He made the moon for the appointments: the sun knew his going down.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
He hath made the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

Catholic Public Domain Version
He has made the moon for seasons; the sun knows its setting.

New American Bible
You made the moon to mark the seasons, the sun that knows the hour of its setting.

New Revised Standard Version
You have made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its time for setting.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knows his going down.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
He made the moon for times and the sun knows the time of its settings.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Who appointedst the moon for seasons; The sun knoweth his going down.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knows his going down.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
How Many Are Your Works, O LORD!
18The high mountains are for the wild goats, the cliffs a refuge for the rock badgers. 19He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows when to set. 20You bring darkness, and it becomes night, when all the beasts of the forest prowl.…

Cross References
Genesis 1:14-18
And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to distinguish between the day and the night, and let them be signs to mark the seasons and days and years. / And let them serve as lights in the expanse of the sky to shine upon the earth.” And it was so. / God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night. And He made the stars as well. ...

Job 38:12-13
In your days, have you commanded the morning or assigned the dawn its place, / that it might spread to the ends of the earth and shake the wicked out of it?

Jeremiah 31:35
Thus says the LORD, who gives the sun for light by day, who sets in order the moon and stars for light by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar—the LORD of Hosts is His name:

Genesis 8:22
As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night shall never cease.”

Ecclesiastes 3:1
To everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven:

Job 38:31-33
Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion? / Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear and her cubs? / Do you know the laws of the heavens? Can you set their dominion over the earth?

Isaiah 40:26
Lift up your eyes on high: Who created all these? He leads forth the starry host by number; He calls each one by name. Because of His great power and mighty strength, not one of them is missing.

Genesis 1:16
God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night. And He made the stars as well.

Deuteronomy 4:19
When you look to the heavens and see the sun and moon and stars—all the host of heaven—do not be enticed to bow down and worship what the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven.

1 Chronicles 16:30-33
tremble before Him, all the earth. The world is firmly established; it cannot be moved. / Let the heavens be glad, and the earth rejoice. Let them say among the nations, ‘The LORD reigns!’ / Let the sea resound, and all that fills it; let the fields exult, and all that is in them. ...

Matthew 24:29
Immediately after the tribulation of those days: ‘The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.’

Luke 21:25
There will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, and on the earth dismay among the nations, bewildered by the roaring of the sea and the surging of the waves.

Revelation 6:12-14
And I watched as the Lamb opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black like sackcloth of goat hair, and the whole moon turned blood red, / and the stars of the sky fell to the earth like unripe figs dropping from a tree shaken by a great wind. / The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.

Mark 13:24-25
But in those days, after that tribulation: ‘The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; / the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.’

Acts 2:20
The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the coming of the great and glorious Day of the Lord.


Treasury of Scripture

He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knows his going down.

Psalm 8:3
When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;

Psalm 136:7-9
To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: …

Genesis 1:14-18
And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: …

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Psalm 104
1. A meditation upon the mighty power
7. And wonderful providence of God
31. God's glory is eternal
33. The prophet vows perpetually to praise God














He made the moon to mark the seasons
The phrase "He made" emphasizes the divine act of creation, pointing to God's sovereignty and intentionality. The Hebrew word used here is "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to make or do. This word underscores God's active role in the creation process, highlighting His power and authority over the universe. The "moon" in ancient Hebrew culture was not only a celestial body but also a symbol of timekeeping and order. The moon's phases were crucial for marking "the seasons," which in Hebrew is "מוֹעֲדִים" (mo'adim), meaning appointed times or festivals. This reflects the lunar calendar used by the Israelites for religious observances, indicating God's provision for both natural and spiritual rhythms in life.

the sun knows when to set
The phrase "the sun knows" personifies the sun, attributing to it an understanding of its role in the divine order. The Hebrew word for "knows" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate knowledge or awareness. This suggests that the sun operates under God's command, fulfilling its purpose with precision. The phrase "when to set" refers to the daily cycle of the sun, which is a testament to God's design and the reliability of His creation. The setting of the sun marks the transition from day to night, a cycle that has been consistent since creation. This regularity is a reflection of God's faithfulness and the order He established in the universe. The sun's setting is a reminder of the passage of time and the opportunity for rest, aligning with the biblical principle of Sabbath and the rhythm of work and rest ordained by God.

(19) The moon for seasons.--See Psalm 89:37, Note. The mention of the inferior luminary first is no doubt partly due to its importance in fixing the calendar, but partly also to the diurnal reckoning, "the evening and the morning" as making the day.

The sun knoweth.--So Job 38:12' of the dawn. The sun is no mere mechanical timepiece to the Israelite poet, but a conscious servant of God. How beautifully this mention of sunset prepares the way for the exquisite picture of the nocturnal landscape, as the sunrise in Psalm 104:22 does for the landscape of the day.

In Genesis the creation of the "heavenly bodies"--the fourth day's work--is related in, so to speak, a scientific manner. But the poet, as in the former part of his treatment of the subject, at once goes to the influence of these phenomena on animated being. In Genesis the lamps of heaven are, as it were, hung out at God's command; in the poem they seem to move to their office of guiding the seasons and illuminating the earth like living things who are conscious of the glorious function they have to perform.

Verse 19. - He appointed the moon for seasons (comp. Genesis 1:14). The Jewish festivals depended greatly on the moon, the Passover being celebrated at the time of the full moon of the first month (Exodus 12:6), and the other festivals depending mostly on the Passover. And the sun knoweth his going down. Observes the laws, that is to say, appointed for him.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
He made
עָשָׂ֣ה (‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

the moon
יָ֭רֵחַ (yā·rê·aḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3394: The moon

to mark the seasons;
לְמוֹעֲדִ֑ים (lə·mō·w·‘ă·ḏîm)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4150: Appointed time, place, or meeting

the sun
שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ (meš)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 8121: The sun, the east, a ray, a notched battlement

knows
יָדַ֥ע (yā·ḏa‘)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3045: To know

when to set.
מְבוֹאֽוֹ׃ (mə·ḇō·w·’ōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3996: An entrance, sunset, the west, towards


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OT Poetry: Psalm 104:19 He appointed the moon for seasons (Psalm Ps Psa.)
Psalm 104:18
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