Lexical Summary kakósis: Affliction, mistreatment, oppression Original Word: κακῶσις Strong's Exhaustive Concordance affliction. From kakoo; maltreatment -- affliction. see GREEK kakoo HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2561 kákōsis – ill-treatment, wretched misery. See 2556 (kakos). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom kakoó Definition ill-treatment NASB Translation oppression (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2561: κάκωσιςκάκωσις, κακώσεως, ἡ (κακόω), ill-treatment, ill-usage (Vulg.afflictio): Acts 7:34. (Psalm 17:19 Topical Lexicon Biblical Context Acts 7:34 records Stephen quoting the divine words spoken to Moses at the burning bush: “I have surely seen the oppression of My people in Egypt”. The noun κάκωσιν points to the harsh treatment Israel endured under Pharaoh. In Stephen’s defense before the Sanhedrin, this single term helps frame the nation’s account of bondage and deliverance, preparing the hearers for the climactic revelation of Jesus as the greater Redeemer (Acts 7:52-53). Old Testament Foundations The Septuagint repeatedly employs the same noun when describing Israel’s slavery (Exodus 3:7; 3:17; 4:31). Each use underscores three connected realities: 1. God’s covenant awareness—He “sees” and “knows” the suffering of His people. New Testament Usage and Significance By choosing κάκωσιν, Luke’s record of Stephen’s speech bridges Israel’s past with the church’s present. Stephen reminds the council that: Stephen’s citation amplifies his charge that the leaders of his day, like Pharaoh, were resisting the God who intervenes for the oppressed. Theological Themes 1. God’s Omniscient Compassion: Scripture consistently affirms that the Lord attends to affliction (Psalm 34:15; 1 Peter 3:12). Christological Connections The Exodus liberation, highlighted by κάκωσιν, foreshadows the greater rescue Jesus announces in Luke 4:18, “to proclaim freedom for the captives.” As Moses was sent after God “saw” Israel’s misery, so the Father sent the Son when He “so loved the world” (John 3:16-17). Pastoral and Practical Implications • Comfort for the Afflicted: The term assures believers that no suffering is hidden from God (2 Corinthians 1:3-4). Intertextual Links for Study Exodus 1:11; 3:7-10; Deuteronomy 26:7-8; Judges 2:18; Acts 7:6-7; Hebrews 11:26-27. Summary κάκωσιν, though appearing only once in the Greek New Testament, encapsulates the biblical drama of oppression and deliverance. It anchors Stephen’s indictment of hardened hearts, exalts God’s unwavering compassion, and summons every generation to trust, worship, and proclaim the Redeemer who still sees and saves. Forms and Transliterations εκαλαμήσαντο κακώσει κακώσεως κακώσεώς κακωσιν κάκωσιν κάκωσίν καλαβώτης κάλαθος καλάθους καλαμάσθε καλαμήσασθαι καλαμήσηται καλαμήσονται καλαμώνται kakosin kakōsin kákosin kákōsinLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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