Lexical Summary liparos: Rich, fertile, luxurious, fat Original Word: λιπαρός Strong's Exhaustive Concordance dainty, luxuriousFrom lipos (grease); fat, i.e. (figuratively) sumptuous -- dainty. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom lipos (fat) Definition oily, fatty, fig. rich NASB Translation luxurious (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 3045: λιπαρόςλιπαρός, λιπαρά, λιπαρόν (λίπα (or rather, λίπος grease, akin to ἀλείφω)); from Homer down; fat: τά λιπαρά (joined with τά λαμπρά, which see) things which pertain to a sumptuous and delicate style of living (A. V. dainty), Revelation 18:14. Topical Lexicon Topical FocusStrong’s Greek 3045 conveys the idea of sumptuousness, richly layered opulence, and material abundance enjoyed in a self-indulgent way. Its single New Testament appearance targets the world-centered affluence that characterizes “Babylon the Great” (Revelation 18). Canonical Context: Revelation 18:14 Revelation 18:14 laments: “All your luxury and splendor have vanished, never to be seen again.” The verse belongs to a larger oracle (Revelation 18:1-24) pronouncing sudden judgment upon the commercial-religious system symbolized by Babylon. The disappearance of “luxury” underscores three truths: 1. God’s verdict on a culture that measures value by excess. Historical and Cultural Background First-century readers associated lavish imports with Rome’s trading networks—spices from Arabia, silks from the East, marble from Tunisia, gold from Iberia. John lists cargoes such as ivory, bronze, cinnamon, and even “human souls” (Revelation 18:12-13), painting a marketplace where everything, including life itself, is commodified. By inserting this rare term, the Apostle evokes the polished veneer of wealth enjoyed by the empire’s elites while exposing its spiritual bankruptcy. Old Testament Foreshadowing Prophetic denunciations of extravagant societies prepare the ear for Revelation’s climactic woe: • Isaiah 47 describes imperial Babylon sitting “in the dust” after revelling in safety. In every case luxury is not inherently evil; it becomes culpable when coupled with pride, oppression, or indifference to covenant faithfulness. Revelation gathers these earlier voices into a single thunderclap of judgment. Theological Implications 1. Stewardship: Wealth is a trust, not an entitlement. Excess divorced from generosity invites loss (Proverbs 11:28; Luke 12:20-21). Pastoral and Practical Applications • Preaching: Revelation 18 provides a sobering text for addressing consumerism, urging believers to invest in treasures that cannot perish (Matthew 6:19-20). Intertextual Echoes Though 3045 appears only once, Scripture frequently contrasts fleeting grandeur with godly character: • James 5:5—“You have lived on earth in luxury and self-indulgence.” These passages reinforce Revelation’s message: unchecked luxury is a signpost of imminent judgment. Comparative Greco-Roman Usage In secular Greek literature the word group could describe gleaming oil, shining garments, or well-fed bodies—images of attractiveness and prosperity. Revelation subverts that positive connotation, turning the “shine” of luxury into evidence for condemnation. Ministry Significance Strong’s Greek 3045 reminds believers that the brilliance of earthly abundance will fade before the Lamb’s eternal light. Faithful ministry calls God’s people to hold possessions loosely, practice sacrificial generosity, and measure success by obedience rather than opulence. Forms and Transliterations λιπαρα λιπαρά λιπαρὰ λιπαρός λιπάσματα λίσσομαι λιτανεύσουσιν λιτοί lipara liparàLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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