3997. penthos

Lexicon

penthos: Mourning, grief, sorrow

Original Word: πένθος
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: penthos
Pronunciation: PEN-thos
Phonetic Spelling: (pen'-thos)
Definition: Mourning, grief, sorrow
Meaning: mourning, sorrow, sadness, grief.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

mourning, sorrow.

Strengthened from the alternate of pascho; grief -- mourning, sorrow.

see GREEK pascho

HELPS Word-studies

Cognate: 3997 pénthos – mourning, sadness. See 3996 (pentheō).

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
a prim. word
Definition
mourning
NASB Translation
mourning (5).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 3997: πένθος

πένθος, πένθους, τό (πένθω ((?); akin, rather, to πάθος, πένομαι (cf. πένης); see Curtius, p. 53; Vanicek, p. 1165)), from Homer down, the Sept. for אֵבֶל, mourning: James 4:9; Revelation 18:7; Revelation 21:4.

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: Derived from the Greek verb πενθέω (pentheō), meaning "to mourn" or "to lament."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The concept of mourning in the Hebrew Bible is often expressed with words such as אֵבֶל (ebel, Strong's H60) and תַּאֲנִיָּה (ta'aniyah, Strong's H8424), which similarly denote mourning, lamentation, and sorrow. These terms are used in contexts of personal and communal grief, often in response to death, disaster, or sin.

Usage: The term πένθος is used in the New Testament to describe a state of mourning or deep sorrow. It is often used in contexts that emphasize repentance or the emotional response to sin and its consequences.

Context: The Greek word πένθος appears in the New Testament to convey a profound sense of mourning or lamentation. This term is not merely an expression of personal grief but often carries a communal or spiritual dimension. In the New Testament, πένθος is used to describe the appropriate response to sin and the brokenness of the world. It is a call to recognize the gravity of sin and to turn towards God in repentance and humility.

In James 4:9, the term is used to exhort believers to "Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom." This passage highlights the necessity of genuine repentance and the transformation of one's heart in response to sin. The use of πένθος here underscores the seriousness with which believers are to approach their spiritual condition and the need for a contrite heart.

The concept of πένθος is also present in the Beatitudes, where Jesus declares, "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted" (Matthew 5:4). This mourning is not limited to personal loss but extends to a sorrow for the fallen state of humanity and the longing for God's redemption and comfort.

Throughout the New Testament, πένθος serves as a reminder of the brokenness of the world and the hope of restoration through Christ. It calls believers to a posture of humility and dependence on God, recognizing that true comfort and healing come from Him alone.

Forms and Transliterations

πένθει πενθος πένθος πένθους πενία πενίαν πενίας penthos pénthos

Englishman's Concordance

James 4:9 N-ANS
GRK: ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καὶ
NAS: be turned into mourning and your joy
KJV: be turned to mourning, and [your] joy
INT: of you to mourning let be turned and

Revelation 18:7 N-ANS
GRK: βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος ὅτι ἐν
NAS: her torment and mourning; for she says
KJV: torment and sorrow give her:
INT: torment and mourning Because in

Revelation 18:7 N-ANS
GRK: εἰμί καὶ πένθος οὐ μὴ
NAS: and will never see mourning.'
KJV: shall see no sorrow.
INT: I am and mourning never not

Revelation 18:8 N-NNS
GRK: θάνατος καὶ πένθος καὶ λιμός
NAS: pestilence and mourning and famine,
KJV: death, and mourning, and famine;
INT: death and mourning and famine

Revelation 21:4 N-NNS
GRK: ἔτι οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ
NAS: longer be [any] mourning, or
KJV: death, neither sorrow, nor crying,
INT: any longer nor mourning nor crying

Strong's Greek 3997
5 Occurrences

πένθος — 5 Occ.