3996. pentheó

Lexicon

pentheó: To mourn, to lament, to grieve

Original Word: πενθέω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: pentheó
Pronunciation: pen-theh'-o
Phonetic Spelling: (pen-theh'-o)
Definition: To mourn, to lament, to grieve
Meaning: I mourn, lament, feel guilt.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

mourn, bewail.

From penthos; to grieve (the feeling or the act) -- mourn, (be-)wail.

see GREEK penthos

HELPS Word-studies

3996 penthéō – properly, grieve over a death; (figuratively) to grieve over a personal hope (relationship) that dies, i.e. comes to divine closure ("ends").

3996 /penthéō ("mourn over a death") refers to "manifested grief" (WS, 360) – so severe it takes possession of a person and cannot be hid. (This is the same meaning of 3996 /penthéō throughout antiquity, cf. LS, R. Trench, Synonyms.)

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from penthos
Definition
to mourn, lament
NASB Translation
mourn (6), mourned (1), mourning (3).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 3996: πενθέω

πενθέω, πένθω; future πενθήσω; 1 aorist ἐπένθησα (πένθος); from Homer down; the Sept. chiefly for אָבַל; to mourn;

a. intransitive: Matthew 5:4 (); ; 1 Corinthians 5:2; πενθεῖν καί κλαίειν, Mark 16:10; Luke 6:25; James 4:9; Revelation 18:15, 19; ἐπί τίνι, over one, Revelation 18:11 R G L (Isaiah 66:10); ἐπί τινα, ibid. T Tr WH (2 Samuel 13:37; 2 Chronicles 35:24, etc.).

b. transitive, to mourn for, lament, one: 2 Corinthians 12:21 (cf. Winers Grammar, 635f (590); Buttmann, § 131, 4. Synonym: see θρηνέω, at the end.)

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: Derived from the Greek word πένθος (penthos), meaning "mourning" or "grief."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H56 אָבַל (abal): To mourn, lament.
• H60 אָבֵל (abel): Mourning, lamentation.
• H5594 סָפַד (saphad): To wail, lament, mourn.

These Hebrew terms reflect similar themes of mourning and lamentation found in the Old Testament, often in response to death, disaster, or sin, paralleling the New Testament usage of πενθέω.

Usage: The verb πενθέω is used in the New Testament to describe the act of mourning or lamenting, often in the context of repentance or the recognition of sin. It can also refer to the mourning over the loss of a loved one or a significant event that causes sorrow.

Context: The Greek verb πενθέω appears in several New Testament passages, emphasizing the emotional and spiritual dimensions of mourning. In Matthew 5:4, Jesus states, "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted," highlighting the promise of divine comfort to those who grieve. This mourning is not limited to personal loss but extends to a spiritual mourning over sin and the brokenness of the world.

In 1 Corinthians 5:2, Paul uses πενθέω to describe the appropriate response to sin within the church: "And you are proud! Shouldn’t you rather have been stricken with grief and have put out of your fellowship the man who did this?" Here, mourning is linked to repentance and the need for corrective action within the community of believers.

James 4:9 also employs πενθέω in the context of repentance: "Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom." This passage calls for a deep, heartfelt response to sin, urging believers to recognize their need for God's grace and forgiveness.

The use of πενθέω in the New Testament underscores the importance of genuine emotional and spiritual responses to both personal and communal sin, as well as the hope of comfort and restoration through God's intervention.

Forms and Transliterations

επένθει επενθήθησαν επένθησα επένθησαν επενθησατε επενθήσατε ἐπενθήσατε επένθησε επένθησεν πενθεί πενθειν πενθείν πενθεῖν πενθείς πενθείτε πενθείτω πενθήσαι πενθησατε πενθήσατε πενθήσει πενθησετε πενθήσετε πενθήσης πένθησον πενθήσουσι πενθήσουσιν πενθησω πενθήσω πενθικά πενθικοίς πενθούντας πενθουντες πενθούντες πενθοῦντες πενθούσα πενθουσι πενθούσι πενθοῦσι πενθουσιν πενθούσιν πενθοῦσιν πενθών epenthesate epenthēsate epenthḗsate penthein pentheîn penthesate penthēsate penthḗsate penthesete penthēsete penthḗsete pentheso penthēsō penthḗso penthḗsō penthountes penthoûntes penthousi penthoûsi penthousin penthoûsin

Englishman's Concordance

Matthew 5:4 V-PPA-NMP
GRK: μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες ὅτι αὐτοὶ
NAS: are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.
KJV: Blessed [are] they that mourn: for
INT: Blessed they who mourn for they

Matthew 9:15 V-PNA
GRK: τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν ἐφ' ὅσον
NAS: cannot mourn as long
KJV: of the bridechamber mourn, as long as
INT: of the bridechamber mourn as as long as

Mark 16:10 V-PPA-DMP
GRK: αὐτοῦ γενομένοις πενθοῦσι καὶ κλαίουσιν
NAS: who had been with Him, while they were mourning and weeping.
KJV: with him, as they mourned and wept.
INT: him having been [who were] mourning and weeping

Luke 6:25 V-FIA-2P
GRK: νῦν ὅτι πενθήσετε καὶ κλαύσετε
NAS: now, for you shall mourn and weep.
KJV: now! for ye shall mourn and weep.
INT: now for you will mourn and weep

1 Corinthians 5:2 V-AIA-2P
GRK: οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε ἵνα ἀρθῇ
NAS: You have become arrogant and have not mourned instead,
KJV: rather mourned, that
INT: not rather did mourn that might be taken

2 Corinthians 12:21 V-FIA-1S
GRK: ὑμᾶς καὶ πενθήσω πολλοὺς τῶν
NAS: me before you, and I may mourn over many
KJV: and [that] I shall bewail many
INT: you and I should mourn over many of those who

James 4:9 V-AMA-2P
GRK: ταλαιπωρήσατε καὶ πενθήσατε καὶ κλαύσατε
NAS: Be miserable and mourn and weep;
KJV: Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep:
INT: Be wretched and mourn and weep

Revelation 18:11 V-PIA-3P
GRK: κλαίουσιν καὶ πενθοῦσιν ἐπ' αὐτήν
NAS: weep and mourn over
KJV: shall weep and mourn over her;
INT: weep and mourn for her

Revelation 18:15 V-PPA-NMP
GRK: κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες
NAS: of her torment, weeping and mourning,
KJV: weeping and wailing,
INT: weeping and mourning

Revelation 18:19 V-PPA-NMP
GRK: κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες λέγοντες Οὐαί
NAS: out, weeping and mourning, saying,
KJV: weeping and wailing, saying, Alas,
INT: weeping and mourning saying Woe

Strong's Greek 3996
10 Occurrences

ἐπενθήσατε — 1 Occ.
πενθήσατε — 1 Occ.
πενθήσετε — 1 Occ.
πενθήσω — 1 Occ.
πενθεῖν — 1 Occ.
πενθοῦντες — 3 Occ.
πενθοῦσι — 1 Occ.
πενθοῦσιν — 1 Occ.