Lexical Summary toxon: Bow Original Word: τόξον Strong's Exhaustive Concordance a bow. From the base of tikto; a bow (apparently as the simplest fabric) -- bow. see GREEK tikto NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. word Definition a bow NASB Translation bow (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 5115: τόξοντόξον, τόξου, τό, from Homer down, the Sept. often for קֶשֶׁת, a bow: Revelation 6:2. Topical Lexicon Etymology and Ancient Usage Derived from classical Greek, τόξον denoted the bow as a primary projectile weapon for hunting and warfare. Ancient bows varied from simple self-bows of yew or elm to sophisticated composite bows fashioned from wood, horn, and sinew, prized for their power and compact size. Greek hoplites, Persian mounted archers, and later Roman auxiliaries all fielded bows, so the word carried resonances of disciplined military might and long-range lethality. Biblical Context The New Testament records a single occurrence, Revelation 6:2: “I looked, and behold, a white horse, and its rider held a bow. He was given a crown, and he rode out to conquer and to triumph.”. Positioned at the breaking of the first seal, the bow signals the commencement of God-ordained judgments that cascade through the chapter. The rider’s equipment recalls the ancient archer: distant, swift, unstoppable. Old Testament Background In the Septuagint the same Greek term translates Hebrew קֶשֶׁת (qeshet) over one hundred times, anchoring the New Testament vision to a rich scriptural tapestry: These texts frame the bow both as a literal armament and as a metaphor for the Lord’s sovereign power, whether preserving or judging. Symbolic Significance 1. Instrument of conquest: Revelation 6:2 depicts a rider whose bow precedes worldwide upheaval, echoing Jeremiah 50:14 where archers encircle Babylon. The imagery evokes sudden, far-reaching victory obtained at a distance. Historical Background in Warfare and Hunting By John’s era (late first century), Parthian cavalry were famed for horse-archery and had humiliated Roman legions at Carrhae. The sight of a mounted archer with a bow would therefore evoke for readers an image of relentless eastern invaders, amplifying the terror of the first seal. Bows also fed families, supplied fletched arrows to city defenses, and adorned the graves of heroes, underscoring their cultural centrality. Intertestamental and Early Jewish Literature 1 Maccabees 3:3 praises Judas Maccabeus who “expanded the glory of his people, wearing a breastplate like a giant and girding his war armor,” including the bow. 2 Esdras 13 depicts arrows shot by the messianic figure from a mouth that “never misses.” These parallels reinforce Revelation’s martial motif. Theological Implications • God’s sovereignty over human conflict: The rider is “given” a crown, stressing divine permission. Earthly conquerors operate only within limits ordained by the Lamb who opens the seals. Application for Ministry Today 1. Preaching Christ’s ultimate rule: The lone New Testament bow underscores that even global upheaval answers to the risen Lord. Cross-References for Study Genesis 27:3; Joshua 24:12; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 91:5; Isaiah 13:18; Jeremiah 49:35; Zechariah 9:13; Romans 15:3; Ephesians 6:16; Hebrews 11:34; 1 Peter 4:17; Revelation 6:2. Related Concepts Arrow, quiver, rainbow, covenant, conquest, judgment, spiritual warfare. Summary Strong’s Greek 5115 draws together threads of covenant, combat, and cosmic authority. From Noah’s rainbow to the apocalyptic rider, the bow portrays God’s power to restrain or release judgment. In Christ’s hands lies the ultimate shot, calling every generation to obedient faith and steadfast hope. Forms and Transliterations τόξα τόξοις τοξον τόξον τοξόται τοξότης τόξου τόξω τόξων toxon tóxonLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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