3510. kaab

Lexicon

kaab: To be in pain, to grieve, to be sorrowful

Original Word: כָּאַב
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ka'ab
Pronunciation: kah-AV
Phonetic Spelling: (kaw-ab')
Definition: To be in pain, to grieve, to be sorrowful
Meaning: to feel pain, to grieve, to spoil

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

grieving, mar, have pain, make sad sore, be sorrowful

A primitive root; properly, to feel pain; by implication, to grieve; figuratively, to spoil -- grieving, mar, have pain, make sad (sore), (be) sorrowful.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to be in pain
NASB Translation
cause him grief (1), inflicts pain (1), mar (1), pain (3), painful (1), pains (1).

Brown-Driver-Briggs

כָּאַב verb be in pain (Aramaic כְּאֵב, id.; Arabic be sorrowful, sad; Assyrian in derivatives, ikkibu, pain Zim^{BP 67}, kêbtu, ruin Hpt in KAT^{2Glossary i}.) —

Qal Imperfect יִכְאָבֿ Proverbs 14:13; יִכְאָ֑ב Job 14:22; Participle כּוֺאֵב Psalm 69:30; כֹּאֲבִים Genesis 34:25; —

1 be in pain, physical Genesis 34:25 (J, as result of circumcision); Job 14:22 (subject בָּשָׂר; poetic of body in grave "" נַפְשׁוֺ תֶּאֱבָ֑ל).

2 of mental pain Proverbs 14:13 (subject לֵב; probably also Psalm 69:30 ("" עָנִי).

Hiph`il Perfect1singular suffix הִכְאַבְתִּיו Ezekiel 13:22; 2feminine plural הִכְאַבְתֶּן Ezekiel 13:22 ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co (ᵑ0 הַכְאוֺת see כָּאָה); Imperfect יַכְאִיב Job 5:18; תַּכְאִ֫בוּ 2 Kings 3:19; Participle מַכְאִב Ezekiel 28:24; — pain, mar;

1 of enemies of Israel under figure of thorn causing pain (no object expressed) ׳קוֺץ מַכ Ezekiel 28:24 ("" מַמְאִיר סִלּוֺן); of שַׁדַּי, no object expressed, Job 5:18 (opposed to חָבַשׁ, "" מָחַץ.

2 of mental pain, object לֵב, Ezekiel 13:22 (subject false prophetesses, see above); compare Ezekiel 13:22 (subject ׳י).

3 (si vera lectio) of marring good land with stones 2 Kings 3:19, ᵐ5 άχρειώσετε (Klo תְּאַבְּדוּ).

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • G889 (achthos): Refers to grief or sorrow, capturing the emotional aspect of pain.
• G1294 (diaphtheiro): Means to corrupt or spoil, aligning with the notion of something being ruined or damaged.
• G4192 (ponos): Denotes laborious toil or pain, often used to describe physical suffering or hardship.

These Greek entries provide a New Testament parallel to the Hebrew concept of כָּאַב, illustrating the continuity of themes related to pain, grief, and corruption across the biblical canon.

Usage: The verb כָּאַב is used in the Hebrew Bible to express the experience of physical or emotional pain, grief, or distress. It can also imply the act of spoiling or corrupting something.

Context: The Hebrew root כָּאַב (ka'ab) is a verb that conveys the notion of experiencing pain or grief. It appears in various contexts within the Hebrew Scriptures, often describing the emotional or physical suffering of individuals. The term can also extend to the idea of something being spoiled or corrupted, indicating a broader sense of distress or damage.

In the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the usage of כָּאַב is illustrated in passages where individuals express deep sorrow or lamentation. For example, in Job 14:22, the verse reflects on the personal anguish and grief experienced by a person: "He feels only the pain of his own body and mourns only for himself." This highlights the introspective nature of pain and grief as described by כָּאַב.

The term is also used metaphorically to describe the spoiling or corruption of something, suggesting a deviation from an intended state of wholeness or purity. This dual usage underscores the comprehensive nature of the term, encompassing both emotional and physical dimensions of suffering.

Forms and Transliterations

הִכְאַבְתִּ֑יו הכאבתיו וְכוֹאֵ֑ב וכואב יִכְאַב־ יִכְאָ֑ב יַכְאִ֣יב יכאב יכאב־ יכאיב כֹּֽאֲבִ֗ים כאבים מַכְאִ֔ב מכאב תַּכְאִ֖בוּ תכאבו hichavTiv hiḵ’aḇtîw hiḵ·’aḇ·tîw kō’ăḇîm kō·’ă·ḇîm koaVim machIv maḵ’iḇ maḵ·’iḇ tachIvu taḵ’iḇū taḵ·’i·ḇū vechoEv wə·ḵō·w·’êḇ wəḵōw’êḇ yachIv yaḵ’îḇ yaḵ·’îḇ yichAv yiḵ’āḇ yiḵ’aḇ- yiḵ·’āḇ yiḵ·’aḇ-

Englishman's Concordance

Genesis 34:25
HEB: הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֣ם כֹּֽאֲבִ֗ים וַיִּקְח֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־
NAS: day, when they were in pain, that two
KJV: day, when they were sore, that two
INT: the third came pain took two

2 Kings 3:19
HEB: הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃
NAS: springs of water, and mar every good
KJV: of water, and mar every good
INT: piece good and mar stones

Job 5:18
HEB: כִּ֤י ה֣וּא יַכְאִ֣יב וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ יִ֝מְחַ֗ץ
NAS: For He inflicts pain, and gives relief;
KJV: For he maketh sore, and bindeth up:
INT: for He inflicts and gives wounds

Job 14:22
HEB: בְּ֭שָׂרוֹ עָלָ֣יו יִכְאָ֑ב וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ עָלָ֥יו
NAS: But his body pains him, And he mourns
KJV: But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul
INT: his body and pains himself and he

Psalm 69:29
HEB: וַ֭אֲנִי עָנִ֣י וְכוֹאֵ֑ב יְשׁוּעָתְךָ֖ אֱלֹהִ֣ים
NAS: But I am afflicted and in pain; May Your salvation,
KJV: But I [am] poor and sorrowful: let thy salvation,
INT: I afflicted pain may your salvation God

Proverbs 14:13
HEB: גַּם־ בִּשְׂח֥וֹק יִכְאַב־ לֵ֑ב וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ
NAS: the heart may be in pain, And the end
KJV: the heart is sorrowful; and the end
INT: Even laughter pain the heart and the end

Ezekiel 13:22
HEB: וַאֲנִ֖י לֹ֣א הִכְאַבְתִּ֑יו וּלְחַזֵּק֙ יְדֵ֣י
NAS: with falsehood when I did not cause him grief, but have encouraged
KJV: sad, whom I have not made sad; and strengthened
INT: I did not cause and strengthened the hands

Ezekiel 28:24
HEB: מַמְאִיר֙ וְק֣וֹץ מַכְאִ֔ב מִכֹּל֙ סְבִ֣יבֹתָ֔ם
NAS: brier or a painful thorn
KJV: of Israel, nor [any] grieving thorn
INT: A prickling thorn A painful any round

8 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 3510
8 Occurrences

hiḵ·’aḇ·tîw — 1 Occ.
kō·’ă·ḇîm — 1 Occ.
maḵ·’iḇ — 1 Occ.
taḵ·’i·ḇū — 1 Occ.
wə·ḵō·w·’êḇ — 1 Occ.
yaḵ·’îḇ — 1 Occ.
yiḵ·’āḇ — 2 Occ.