Lexical Summary anash: fine, punished, fined Original Word: עָנַשׁ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance amerce, condemn, punish, surely A primitive root; properly, to urge; by implication, to inflict a penalty, specifically, to fine -- amerce, condemn, punish, X surely. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origindenominative verb from onesh Definition to fine, mulct NASB Translation fine (3), fined (1), imposed (1), pay the penalty (1), punished (2), surely be fined (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [עָנַשׁ] verb denominative (Gerber61f.) fine, mulct; — Qal Perfect consecutive וְעָֽנְשׁוּ Deuteronomy 22:19 (2 accusative); Imperfect וַיַּעֲנשׁ2Chronicles 36:3 (2 accusative; "" 2 Kings 23:33 above); Infinitive construct עֲנוֺשׁ Proverbs 17:26 (לְ person); = punish (in General) עֲנָשֿׁ Proverbs 21:11; Passive participle עֲנוּשִׁם Amos 2:8 those fined, mulcted. Niph`al Imperfect + Qal Infinitive absolute עָנוֺשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ Exodus 21:22 (E) he shall be strictly fined; more Generally Perfect נֶעֱנָ֑שׁוּ Proverbs 22:3 be mulcted, punished = Proverbs 27:12. Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Nuances עָנַשׁ describes the infliction of a judicial penalty, usually monetary but sometimes broader in scope. The term never denotes arbitrary cruelty; it presupposes an ordered legal framework in which wrongdoing meets an appropriate consequence. The verb therefore underscores divine concern for proportional justice—fault is recognized, liability is calculated, compensation is exacted. Legal and Judicial Context Exodus 21:22 employs עָנַשׁ twice to regulate an altercation that unintentionally injures a pregnant woman: “the husband may demand compensation, and the judge will determine the penalty”. The statute protects life in utero and family integrity by allowing lawful recourse rather than personal vengeance. Deuteronomy 22:19 extends this principle to marital slander: the man who defames his bride “shall pay a hundred shekels of silver and give them to the father of the young woman.” In both passages the verb anchors social order—personal honor, unborn life, and marital fidelity are shielded by enforceable fines. Royal and International Affairs 2 Chronicles 36:3 records Pharaoh Neco’s financial imposition on Judah’s king Jehoahaz: “He imposed on the land a levy of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.” Though rendered “imposed,” the action echoes עָנַשׁ as a coercive extraction. The Chronicler portrays foreign domination as a covenant consequence; the punitive levy anticipates the exile yet to come, warning that when covenant justice is ignored internally, it may arrive through external oppressors. Wisdom Literature Insights Proverbs harnesses עָנַשׁ to teach formative discipline: Prophetic Applications Amos 2:8 rebukes Israel for lounging “beside every altar on garments taken in pledge, and in the house of their god they drink wine obtained through fines.” The prophet decries the perversion of lawful penalties into instruments of oppression and self-indulgence. When just restitution becomes exploitative revenue, covenant curses follow. Amos thus reminds readers that עָנַשׁ must serve righteousness, not greed. Christological and Redemptive Implications The Old Testament pattern of measured penalty anticipates the necessity of atonement. Human guilt incurs a debt before the Holy God; divine justice requires satisfaction. Isaiah foresees a Servant “pierced for our transgressions,” upon whom “the punishment (מֻסַּר) that brought us peace was upon Him” (Isaiah 53:5). Though Isaiah uses a different noun, the concept parallels עָנַשׁ—liability transferred, restitution made. At the cross, Jesus Christ assumes the ultimate fine, fulfilling the Law’s demand and opening the way for mercy without injustice. Practical Ministry Reflections 1. Uphold Just Consequences: Church discipline and civic engagement should mirror biblical proportionality—penalties must seek restoration, not retribution (Galatians 6:1). In Scripture, עָנַשׁ frames a consistent theology of calibrated justice—firm yet redemptive—ultimately fulfilled in the gospel and formative for godly living. Forms and Transliterations בַּעְנָשׁ־ בענש־ וְֽנֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ וְעָנְשׁ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲנֹשׁ֙ ויענש ונענשו׃ וענשו יֵעָנֵ֗שׁ יענש נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ נענשו׃ עֲנ֣וֹשׁ עֲנוּשִׁים֙ עָנ֣וֹשׁ ענוש ענושים ‘ă·nō·wōš ‘ā·nō·wōš ‘ă·nū·šîm ‘ănōwōš ‘ānōwōš ‘ănūšîm aNoosh anuShim ba‘·nāš- ba‘nāš- banosh ne‘ĕnāšū ne·‘ĕ·nā·šū neeNashu vaiyaaNosh veaneShu VeneeNashu way·ya·‘ă·nōš wayya‘ănōš wə‘ānəšū wə·‘ā·nə·šū wə·ne·‘ĕ·nā·šū wəne‘ĕnāšū yê‘ānêš yê·‘ā·nêš yeaNeshLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 21:22 HEB: יִהְיֶ֖ה אָס֑וֹן עָנ֣וֹשׁ יֵעָנֵ֗שׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר NAS: injury, he shall surely be fined KJV: [from her], and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, INT: become injury shall surely be fined after Exodus 21:22 Deuteronomy 22:19 2 Chronicles 36:3 Proverbs 17:26 Proverbs 21:11 Proverbs 22:3 Proverbs 27:12 Amos 2:8 9 Occurrences |
    |