Lexical Summary shikkaron: drunkenness, drunk Original Word: שִׁכָּרוֹן Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be drunkenness From shakar; intoxication -- (be) drunken(-ness). see HEBREW shakar NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom shakar Definition drunkenness NASB Translation drunk (1), drunkenness (2). Brown-Driver-Briggs שִׁכָּרוֺן noun [masculine] drunkenness; — ׳שׁ only figurative: Jeremiah 13:13; Ezekiel 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שַׁכָּרוֺן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood Ezekiel 39:19. — See LagBN 202, compare 199. Topical Lexicon Meaning and Nuance שִׁכָּרוֹן (shikkaron) denotes a state of deep intoxication or stupefying drunkenness. In all three occurrences it depicts more than casual inebriation; it is an overwhelming, incapacitating condition often employed metaphorically for divine judgment. Canonical Distribution • Jeremiah 13:13 Contexts of Usage 1. Prophetic Warning to Judah (Jeremiah 13:13) The LORD announces that the kings, priests, prophets, and people of Jerusalem will be “filled with drunkenness.” The imagery underlines moral blindness and impending collapse. The sin-induced stupor prevents the nation from perceiving danger, illustrating Proverbs 23:29-35 in national form. 2. Judgment upon Oholibah—Jerusalem (Ezekiel 23:33) Shikkaron is coupled with “desolation and horror,” forming part of a bitter “cup” handed to the unfaithful city: “You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, a cup of horror and desolation”. The picture recalls Psalm 75:8, where God mixes a cup of foaming wine for the wicked. 3. Sacrificial Feast after Gog’s Defeat (Ezekiel 39:19) Here the term describes carrion birds and beasts that “drink blood until you are drunk” at the LORD’s great victory banquet. The staggering excess portrays complete triumph over evil powers and anticipates Revelation 19:17-18. Drunkenness as Divine Judgment Shikkaron emphasizes that judgment may come through moral and mental disorientation. Isaiah 29:9-10 and Romans 1:21-28 show the same principle: when people reject truth, God gives them over to a reprobate mind. The prophets therefore present shikkaron not merely as a personal vice but as a covenant curse (Deuteronomy 28:28). Historical and Cultural Background Ancient Near-Eastern texts frequently link excessive wine with shame, vulnerability, and defeat (cf. Habakkuk 2:15-16). Israel’s prophets harness this shared symbolism but ground it in Yahweh’s holiness. The cup motif reappears in inter-Testamental literature and in first-century Passover customs, lending weight to Jesus’ language in Matthew 26:39 about the “cup” He must drink. Theological Implications • Human sin intoxicates: Jeremiah’s audience had “forgotten” the LORD (Jeremiah 13:25). Practical and Pastoral Applications • Personal sobriety: Proverbs 20:1 warns that wine mocks; shikkaron illustrates the end-state of permitting alcohol—or any idol—to rule the will. Christological Connection Jesus Christ willingly drank “the cup the Father has given” (John 18:11), absorbing wrath so that believers would receive the “cup of blessing” (1 Corinthians 10:16). Shikkaron in the prophets thus foreshadows the cross: divine wrath poured out on the sin-bearer instead of on His people. Related Biblical Themes • Cup of wrath—Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17; Revelation 14:10 Summary Shikkaron operates in Scripture as a vivid emblem of judgment, exposing the folly of rebellion against God while affirming His righteous governance. The prophets’ warnings urge repentance, anticipate the atoning work of Christ, and call believers to spiritual alertness until the final consummation. Forms and Transliterations לְשִׁכָּר֑וֹן לשכרון שִׁכָּר֥וֹן שִׁכָּרֽוֹן׃ שכרון שכרון׃ lə·šik·kā·rō·wn leshikkaRon ləšikkārōwn shikkaRon šik·kā·rō·wn šikkārōwnLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Jeremiah 13:13 HEB: יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֖ם שִׁכָּרֽוֹן׃ NAS: of Jerusalem-- with drunkenness! KJV: of Jerusalem, with drunkenness. INT: the inhabitants of Jerusalem drunkenness Ezekiel 23:33 Ezekiel 39:19 3 Occurrences |
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