Bigvai
Bigvai is another signatory of the covenant in Nehemiah 10. He is also mentioned in Ezra 2:14 and Nehemiah 7:19 as the leader of a family that returned from Babylonian exile. The return of the exiles was a fulfillment of God's promise to restore Israel, as prophesied in Jeremiah 29:10-14. Bigvai's inclusion in the list of covenant signers underscores the collective responsibility and unity among the returned exiles to uphold the Law of Moses and reestablish their identity as God's chosen people. This act of sealing the covenant was a public declaration of faith and obedience.

Adin
Adin is listed among the families that returned from exile with Zerubbabel, as recorded in Ezra 2:15 and Nehemiah 7:20. The name Adin means "delicate" or "luxurious," which may reflect the family's status or aspirations. The return from exile and participation in the covenant renewal signify a turning point for the Jewish people, emphasizing themes of repentance, restoration, and the importance of community in worship and adherence to God's commandments. The inclusion of Adin in this list highlights the diverse backgrounds of those committed to rebuilding Jerusalem and reestablishing the covenant community.

“Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,” (Nehemiah 10:16)

• Nehemiah records real men who literally pressed their seals onto a fresh covenant with God. Adonijah stands among the heads of the people, showing that this renewal was not only for priests (Nehemiah 10:1–8) but embraced every level of society (compare Exodus 24:3–8; Deuteronomy 29:10–13).

• His name reminds us of another Adonijah, David’s son, who once grasped for the throne (1 Kings 1:5–10), yet the Adonijah here humbly submits to the true King, the LORD. The contrast underscores the heart of covenant faithfulness—surrender rather than self-exaltation (Psalm 25:9; James 4:6).

• By taking his place on the list, Adonijah pledges to obey all that follows in Nehemiah 10:29-39: separation from pagan practices, Sabbath integrity, and faithful stewardship. The verse therefore calls every believer to personal identification with God’s written commands, just as Joshua’s generation affirmed the law at Shechem (Joshua 24:24–27).

• Bigvai heads a family that returned from exile with 2,056 members (Ezra 2:14; Nehemiah 7:19) and later provided temple servants (Ezra 8:14). His inclusion here shows that restoration is never complete until worship and obedience are prioritized (Ezra 3:1–6; Romans 12:1).

• The family’s earlier journey back to Judah involved risk and sacrifice (Ezra 8:21-23). Now Bigvai seals the covenant, proving that true faith perseveres beyond a single act of courage; it persists in everyday holiness (Galatians 5:25; Hebrews 10:36).

• Together with others, Bigvai affirms the written stipulations about offerings, festivals, and firstfruits (Nehemiah 10:32-37). This highlights that generosity toward God’s house is a shared responsibility, echoing Malachi 3:10 and 2 Corinthians 9:7.

• Adin’s clan, 454 strong, appears among the first exiles to come home (Ezra 2:15; Nehemiah 7:20), and later contributes to Ezra’s second return (Ezra 8:6). Their steady presence across decades illustrates multi-generational commitment, much like the households commended in Psalm 103:17-18.

• By signing the covenant, Adin links his family story with God’s unfolding redemption plan, echoing the promise that “the LORD has done great things for us” (Psalm 126:3) and inviting future descendants to keep walking in that joy (Deuteronomy 6:6-7).

• Nehemiah 10:16’s placement among civic leaders underscores that covenant loyalty is not a private matter; it shapes community life—commerce (Nehemiah 10:31), worship rhythms (Nehemiah 10:33), and economic justice (Leviticus 25:35-38; Micah 6:8).

Nehemiah 10:16 records three literal signatories whose names remind us that covenant faithfulness is personal (Adonijah), persevering (Bigvai), and generational (Adin). Their seals testify that God’s people, freshly restored from exile, bound themselves to obey the written Word in every sphere of life. The verse invites today’s believer to the same wholehearted alignment with Scripture, confident that the God who kept His promises then remains utterly faithful now.

Parallel Commentaries ...