The Daily Offerings 1Then the LORD said to Moses, 2“Command the Israelites and say to them: See that you present to Me at its appointed time the food for My food offerings, as a pleasing aroma to Me. 3And tell them that this is the food offering you are to present to the LORD as a regular burnt offering each day: two unblemished year-old male lambs. 4Offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight,a 5along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flourb as a grain offering, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives.c 6This is a regular burnt offering established at Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD. 7The drink offering accompanying each lamb shall be a quarter hin. Pour out the offering of fermented drink to the LORD in the sanctuary area. 8And offer the second lamb at twilight, with the same grain offering and drink offering as in the morning. It is a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. The Sabbath Offerings 9On the Sabbath day, present two unblemished year-old male lambs, accompanied by a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flourd mixed with oil, as well as a drink offering. 10This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering. The Monthly Offerings 11At the beginning of every month, you are to present to the LORD a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished, 12along with three-tenths of an ephah of fine floure mixed with oil as a grain offering with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with the ram, 13and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD. 14Their drink offerings shall be half a hin of winef with each bull, a third of a hing with the ram, and a quarter hin with each lamb. This is the monthly burnt offering to be made at each new moon throughout the year. 15In addition to the regular burnt offering with its drink offering, one male goat is to be presented to the LORD as a sin offering. Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread 16The fourteenth day of the first month is the LORD’s Passover. 17On the fifteenth day of this month, there shall be a feast; for seven days unleavened bread is to be eaten. 18On the first day there is to be a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. 19Present to the LORD a food offering, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished. 20The grain offering shall consist of fine flour mixed with oil; offer three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, 21and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs. 22Include one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you. 23You are to present these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. 24Offer the same food each day for seven days as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. It is to be offered with its drink offering and the regular burnt offering. 25On the seventh day you shall hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. The Feast of Weeks 26On the day of firstfruits, when you present an offering of new grain to the LORD during the Feast of Weeks,h you are to hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. 27Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, 28together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, 29and a tenth of an ephah with each of the seven lambs. 30Include one male goat to make atonement for you. 31Offer them with their drink offerings in addition to the regular burnt offering and its grain offering. The animals must be unblemished. Footnotes: 4 a Hebrew between the two evenings; also in verse 8 5 b A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour); also in verses 13, 21, and 29. 5 c Or a quarter hin of pure olive oil; Hebrew a quarter hin of pressed oil; that is, approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters; similarly in verses 7 and 14 9 d Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour); also in verses 12, 20, and 28. 12 e Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6.6 liters (probably about 7.6 pounds or 3.5 kilograms of flour); also in verses 20 and 28. 14 f Half a hin is approximately 1.9 quarts or 1.8 liters of wine. 14 g A third of a hin is approximately 1.3 quarts or 1.2 liters of wine. 26 h That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  Numbers 28 Summary Offerings and FeastsVerses 1–2 – Command for Continual Offerings Verses 3–8 – Daily Regular Offerings Verses 9–10 – Sabbath Offerings Verses 11–15 – Monthly New Moon Offerings Verses 16–25 – Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread Verses 26–31 – Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) Offerings and Closing Numbers 28 presents an intricate overview of the sacrificial offerings and religious rituals commanded by God through Moses to the Israelites. It portrays an intricate Divine schedule of daily, weekly, monthly, and annual sacrifices. The chapter underlines the importance of obedience to God's laws and the active participation of the community in worship. Historical Setting Numbers 28 sits near the end of Israel’s wilderness trek, just east of the Jordan. A new generation is about to enter Canaan; God repeats the festival schedule first given at Sinai (Exodus 29; Leviticus 23) so that they carry ordered worship into the land. Pattern and Rhythm of Worship Daily → Weekly → Monthly → Seasonally. The layers overlap like rings on a tree, anchoring time to God instead of to chance or pagan cycles. • Daily lambs: sunrise and twilight • Sabbath: each seventh day • New Moon: about every 29½ days • Festivals: spread through spring and early summer in this chapter; autumn feasts appear in chapter 29 Daily Burnt Offering (Tamid) Exodus 29:38-42 first gave the instruction. Ezra 3:3 shows it resumed after exile. Hebrews 10:11 contrasts priests who “stand daily” with Christ who “offered one sacrifice for sins for all time.” Sabbath Addition Ezekiel 46:4-5 echoes the two-lamb Sabbath. Doubling the gift underscores that rest is not inactivity but focused honor of God. New Moon and the Hebrew Calendar Psalm 81:3 celebrates the trumpet blast at the new moon. 1 Samuel 20 records David hiding during a new-moon meal. Archaeology at Tel Arad reveals lunar markings on pottery, hinting at practical observation of the moon for worship times. Passover and Unleavened Bread Exodus 12 narrates the first Passover. Deuteronomy 16 tells how it will be kept in the land. In the Gospels, Jesus is crucified during Passover week (John 19:14)—the Lamb of God offered once for all. Feast of Weeks (Shavuot/Pentecost) Leviticus 23:15-21 connects this feast to the wheat harvest and firstfruits of bread. Acts 2 records the Spirit poured out on Pentecost, weaving harvest imagery into the birth of the church. Animal and Grain Elements • Bulls symbolize strength and the nation’s leadership. • Rams picture substitutionary death (Genesis 22). • Lambs recall innocence and the Exodus blood sign. • Goats address sin directly (Leviticus 4). Fine flour, oil, and wine show the best produce of field, grove, and vineyard—life’s staples handed back to their Giver. Drink Offerings: Wine on the Altar Wine poured out (“a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD,” v. 7) signals joy and fellowship. Paul borrows the image: “I am already being poured out like a drink offering” (2 Timothy 4:6). Smoke as a “Pleasing Aroma” The phrase appears nine times in the chapter. The picture is relational: God “smells” the offering and is satisfied (Genesis 8:21). Ephesians 5:2 says Christ’s self-giving was “a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.” Connection to Exodus 29 and Leviticus 1–7 The earlier books give sacrifice mechanics; Numbers 28 sets those mechanics into a living calendar. It is less about technique, more about heartbeat—regular, faithful, unfailing. Echoes in the Prophets and Writings • Isaiah 1:13 warns against empty offerings divorced from obedience. • Malachi 1:11 foretells incense and pure offerings “in every place,” hinting at future worldwide worship. • 2 Chronicles 8:13 reports Solomon keeping the set times “according to the duty of each day.” Fulfillment in the New Testament Jesus keeps the daily rhythm of prayer (Mark 1:35; Luke 6:12), attends the feasts (John 7; Luke 22), and becomes the center of worship. Hebrews 9–10 explains that His once-for-all offering makes repeated animal blood unnecessary yet invites continual praise (Hebrews 13:15). Archaeological Insights Stone altars uncovered at Beersheba and Tel Dan match the biblical dimensions and multiple-horn design. Ostraca from Lachish mention “house of Yahweh” rations, likely tied to temple service. Such finds affirm an organized sacrificial system in Iron-Age Israel. Life Application 1. Daily discipline: morning and evening moments with God create a steady flame. 2. Sabbath rest: plan extra space for worship, not just leisure. 3. Fresh starts: every new month or paycheck can become a “new moon” reminder to honor Him first. 4. Celebrations: anchor special days—Passover for deliverance, Pentecost for harvest—to God’s grace in Christ. 5. Whole offering: like grain, oil, and wine, give the best parts of life, not the leftovers. Numbers 28 shows that ordered worship is God’s idea, not human invention. The chapter invites believers to weave devotion into the fabric of every day, week, month, and season until time itself is completed in Christ. Connections to Additional Scriptures Hebrews 10:1-10This passage discusses how the law, including offerings, was a shadow of the good things to come, fulfilled in Christ. Romans 12:1 Encourages believers to offer their bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, as a spiritual act of worship. Psalm 51:16-17 Highlights that God desires a broken and contrite heart over ritual sacrifices. Teaching Points Daily OfferingsNumbers 28:3-4 describes the daily offerings, emphasizing the need for continual worship. This is the offering made by fire that you are to present to the LORD: two unblemished year-old male lambs each day, as a regular burnt offering. Sabbath Offerings In Numbers 28:9-10, the Sabbath offerings are outlined, highlighting the special significance of the Sabbath as a day set apart for the Lord. On the Sabbath day, present two unblemished year-old male lambs, along with two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering, and its drink offering. Monthly Offerings Numbers 28:11-15 details the offerings at the beginning of each month, reminding us of the importance of marking time with worship. On the first day of each month, you are to present to the LORD a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished year-old male lambs. Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread Verses 16-25 describe the offerings during Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, pointing to the significance of remembering God's deliverance. On the fourteenth day of the first month, you are to celebrate the LORD’s Passover. Feast of Weeks Numbers 28:26-31 outlines the offerings for the Feast of Weeks, emphasizing gratitude for God's provision. On the day of firstfruits, when you present an offering of new grain to the LORD during the Feast of Weeks, you are to hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. Practical Applications Consistency in WorshipJust as the Israelites had daily, weekly, and monthly offerings, we should strive for consistency in our worship and devotion to God. Sabbath Rest Embrace the Sabbath as a time to rest and focus on God, setting aside the busyness of life to honor Him. Gratitude and Remembrance Regularly reflect on God's provision and deliverance in your life, using special occasions to express gratitude. Holiness in Worship Approach worship with reverence and a heart that seeks to honor God's holiness, recognizing the significance of offering our best to Him. People 1. The LORD (YHWH)The chapter begins with the LORD speaking to Moses, giving instructions for the offerings. The LORD is the covenant God of Israel, who commands worship and obedience. 2. Moses As the leader of the Israelites and the mediator between God and the people, Moses receives the instructions from the LORD to convey to the Israelites. 3. The Israelites The people of Israel are the recipients of the laws and instructions regarding the offerings. They are expected to follow these commands as part of their covenant relationship with God. 4. The Priests Although not explicitly named in this chapter, the priests are responsible for carrying out the sacrificial duties. They are from the tribe of Levi and serve as mediators between God and the people, performing the rituals as prescribed. In the context of Numbers 28, the focus is on the community's collective responsibility to maintain their relationship with God through regular offerings. The Hebrew roots emphasize the covenantal and communal aspects of worship, with the priests playing a crucial role in facilitating this process. Places Numbers 28 in the Berean Standard Bible primarily focuses on the offerings and sacrifices that the Israelites were commanded to present to God. It does not specifically mention geographical places within the chapter. Instead, it details the types of offerings and the times they are to be presented. Therefore, there are no specific places listed in Numbers 28 to create a numbered list from. If you are interested in a broader context or other chapters that might mention specific places, please let me know, and I can provide information on those. Events 1. Daily OfferingsThe LORD commands Moses to instruct the Israelites about the daily offerings. Each day, two unblemished year-old male lambs are to be offered as a regular burnt offering. One lamb is to be offered in the morning and the other at twilight. This daily sacrifice is a continual reminder of the Israelites' covenant relationship with God. The Hebrew word for "burnt offering" is עֹלָה (olah), which signifies an offering that is completely consumed by fire, symbolizing total dedication to God. 2. Sabbath Offerings On the Sabbath day, the offering is to be two unblemished year-old male lambs, along with a grain offering and a drink offering. This is in addition to the regular daily burnt offering. The Sabbath offerings emphasize the holiness of the Sabbath and the need for rest and worship, as commanded in the Ten Commandments. 3. Monthly Offerings At the beginning of each month, additional offerings are to be made: two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished year-old male lambs, along with their respective grain and drink offerings. A male goat is also offered as a sin offering. The Hebrew term for "month" is חֹדֶשׁ (chodesh), which is related to the new moon, marking the start of a new month in the Hebrew calendar. 4. Passover Offerings On the fourteenth day of the first month, the Passover is to be observed. The Passover lamb is a significant symbol of deliverance and redemption, commemorating the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. The Hebrew word פֶּסַח (pesach) means "to pass over," referring to the LORD passing over the houses of the Israelites during the final plague in Egypt. 5. Feast of Unleavened Bread Offerings For seven days following Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread is observed. Each day, offerings are made: two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished year-old male lambs, along with their grain and drink offerings. A male goat is offered as a sin offering. This feast emphasizes the purity and holiness required of God's people, as leaven is a symbol of sin. 6. Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) Offerings Fifty days after the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks is celebrated. The offerings include two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished year-old male lambs, along with their grain and drink offerings. A male goat is offered as a sin offering. This feast, also known as Pentecost, marks the giving of the Law at Sinai and the firstfruits of the wheat harvest. Topics 1. Daily OfferingsThe chapter begins with instructions for daily offerings, emphasizing the importance of regular worship and dedication to God. The Hebrew word for "offering" is "קָרְבָּן" (korban), which signifies something brought near to God. ^Scripture Reference: Numbers 28:3-4 ^ 2. Sabbath Offerings Special offerings are designated for the Sabbath, highlighting the sanctity of the day of rest. The Hebrew term "שַׁבָּת" (Shabbat) underscores the concept of cessation from work and dedication to God. ^Scripture Reference: Numbers 28:9-10 ^ 3. Monthly Offerings Instructions for offerings at the beginning of each month are provided, marking the new moon as a time for renewal and reflection. The Hebrew word "חֹדֶשׁ" (chodesh) means "new moon" or "month." ^Scripture Reference: Numbers 28:11-15 ^ 4. Passover Offerings The chapter outlines offerings for Passover, a pivotal event commemorating Israel's deliverance from Egypt. The Hebrew term "פֶּסַח" (Pesach) refers to the Passover sacrifice. ^Scripture Reference: Numbers 28:16-25 ^ 5. Feast of Weeks (Shavuot) Offerings Offerings for the Feast of Weeks, also known as Shavuot or Pentecost, are detailed, celebrating the giving of the Torah and the harvest. The Hebrew word "שָׁבוּעוֹת" (Shavuot) means "weeks." ^Scripture Reference: Numbers 28:26-31 ^ Each of these topics reflects the structured and intentional approach to worship and sacrifice in the Israelite community, as outlined in the Book of Numbers. The offerings serve as a means of maintaining a covenant relationship with God, emphasizing themes of holiness, remembrance, and gratitude. Themes 1. Daily OfferingsNumbers 28:3-4 outlines the daily offerings, emphasizing the regularity and consistency of worship. The Hebrew word for "offering" (קָרְבָּן, korban) signifies something brought near to God, highlighting the importance of daily devotion and communion with the Divine. 2. Sabbath Offerings In Numbers 28:9-10, the Sabbath offerings are described, underscoring the sanctity of the Sabbath as a day set apart for rest and worship. The Hebrew term for Sabbath (שַׁבָּת, shabbat) means "to cease" or "to rest," reflecting the cessation of work and focus on spiritual matters. 3. Monthly Offerings Numbers 28:11-15 details the offerings at the beginning of each month, known as Rosh Chodesh. This theme highlights the renewal and dedication of each new month to God, with the Hebrew root חָדָשׁ (chadash) meaning "new" or "renew." 4. Passover and Unleavened Bread The instructions for Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread in Numbers 28:16-25 emphasize remembrance and deliverance. The Hebrew word for Passover (פֶּסַח, Pesach) means "to pass over," signifying God's protection and deliverance of Israel from Egypt. 5. Feast of Weeks (Shavuot) Numbers 28:26-31 describes the offerings for the Feast of Weeks, also known as Shavuot. This theme focuses on gratitude for the harvest and the giving of the Torah. The Hebrew term שָׁבוּעוֹת (Shavuot) means "weeks," marking the seven weeks from Passover to this feast. Each of these themes reflects a structured approach to worship and dedication to God, as outlined in the Mosaic Law, and underscores the importance of regular, intentional acts of devotion in the life of the believer. Answering Tough Questions 1. In Numbers 28:2, how could the Israelites offer animals twice daily in a harsh desert environment with limited livestock and resources? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does the concept of daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly offerings to God apply in our lives today? 2. Why do you think God specified different offerings for different occasions? What could be the symbolic meaning behind this? 3. How can we practice the principle of regular offerings in a modern context, even if not through animal sacrifices? 4. What does the repetitive nature of these offerings teach us about obedience and devotion? 5. How can the communal aspect of these rituals be applied to foster unity in our communities today? 6. Why was it important to have a sin offering during these celebrations? What does this teach us about atonement and redemption? 7. How do you think these regular offerings would have affected the daily life of an Israelite? How can we make our faith an integral part of our daily routine? 8. What lessons can we learn from the strict schedule of offerings about discipline in our faith? 9. How do the specific instructions about the offerings reflect on the nature of God? 10. What does the detailed description of each offering tell us about the importance of preparations in worship? 11. What are the parallels between the offering regulations and our personal spiritual disciplines? 12. What role does obedience play in our relationship with God, as seen in Numbers 28? 13. How might these rituals have created a sense of rhythm and predictability for the Israelites? How can we create similar rhythms in our spiritual lives? 14. What can we learn from the Israelites' dedication to observing these regulations? How can we apply this dedication in our modern Christian life? 15. How does the concept of Sabbath presented in this chapter apply to us today? 16. How can we make our worship pleasing to God, as the aroma of these offerings was pleasing to Him? 17. What does the sequence of offerings throughout the year suggest about the cycles and seasons of our spiritual lives? 18. How can these offerings be seen as a form of communication with God? What forms of communication do we have available with God today? 19. What lessons can we take from the Festival of Weeks in relation to gratitude and harvesting the fruits of our labor? 20. In a world where sin offerings are not part of our religious practice, how can we approach the concept of atonement and reconciliation with God? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
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