What defines a eulogy?

Definition and Etymology

A eulogy is traditionally understood as a speech or written tribute that honors and praises someone who has died. The English word “eulogy” comes from the Greek “eulogia,” meaning “good words” or “blessing” (from “eu” meaning “good,” and “logos” meaning “word”). In biblical terms, this concept of speaking well—especially in connection with blessing—appears frequently, underscoring that a eulogy involves more than a mere catalog of someone’s accomplishments. It also entails a genuine expression of heartfelt respect and acknowledgment.

Biblical Context

In Scripture, the notion of blessing or speaking well of another person has deep roots. The Greek term “eulogia” and its verb form “eulogeo” are used in contexts not strictly limited to funerals. Instead, these terms can refer to speaking words of blessing or commendation at various occasions (Luke 2:34: “Then Simeon blessed them…”). Applied to a memorial setting, a biblical eulogy often reflects on God’s work in a person’s life, recognizing God as the source of life and hope even in sorrow.

Although the modern practice of giving eulogies is not described in explicit New Testament passages about funeral customs, the general principle of offering words of honor for someone’s godly life is evident throughout the biblical narrative. An example appears in the Old Testament when Israel mourned leaders who acted righteously (e.g., 2 Chronicles 24:16). Expressions of appreciation and recollection of a person’s virtues were part of the communal acknowledgment of a life well lived before God.

Scriptural Examples of Commemorative Speech

1. King David’s Lament for Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1:17–27)

Though often labeled as a lament or dirge, David’s words include elements of what we might now call a eulogy. He speaks highly of both Saul and Jonathan, highlighting their bravery and significance for Israel. This example illustrates that even amid complex relationships, biblically based remembrance can involve gracious words signifying honor.

2. Hezekiah’s Honor for Departed Ancestors (2 Chronicles 29:2; 32:33)

While this passage does not record an explicit eulogy speech, the respectful burial of notable individuals and the way they were remembered offers a glimpse into the practice of honoring the deceased. Ancient Israelite culture often intertwined storytelling, blessings, and fond remembrances during funerals and communal gatherings.

3. Mourning and Respect for Stephen (Acts 8:2)

When Stephen was stoned, “God-fearing men buried Stephen and mourned deeply over him.” Although the text does not record their words, the concept of honoring the life of a righteous person is present. Early Christian practice involved words of respect and prayers for those who had served faithfully in the name of the Lord.

Purpose and Significance

A eulogy is not merely a list of accomplishments. It is a meaningful act of blessing and memorializing the life of the person who has died. From a biblical perspective, it can serve several spiritual and communal purposes:

• Comforting the Bereaved – Following the principle of Romans 12:15 (BSB: “Rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep.”), a eulogy acknowledges the grief while also celebrating the hope that those who trust in God have beyond death.

• Honoring a Life of Faithfulness – Reflecting on someone’s deeds, integrity, and devotion to God resonates with Proverbs 10:7 (BSB: “The memory of the righteous is a blessing…”). Such honor can inspire listeners to remember God’s faithfulness throughout generations.

• Proclaiming God’s Goodness – Even in sorrow, a eulogy can highlight God’s sovereignty, reminding all present that He is the author of life, the One who grants salvation, and the One who offers eternal comfort.

Eulogy in Christian Practice

Christian funerals and memorial services often offer opportunities for eulogies, shaped by biblical values of hope and thanksgiving. The act of blessing and acknowledging a person’s spiritual legacy often includes:

• Reflection on Scripture – Passages such as John 11:25–26 remind mourners of Christ’s words: “I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in Me will live, even though he dies.” Such readings ground the eulogy in the assurance of eternal life for believers and the hope of resurrection in Christ.

• Recounting God’s Faithfulness – Recalling how God guided the life of the deceased can draw attention to broader truths about God’s lovingkindness (Psalm 103:2–5). Listeners may be encouraged to place continued trust in the Lord.

• Shared Testimonies – Family and friends often share personal anecdotes that illustrate God’s work in the deceased person’s life. Consistent with biblical patterns of praise and remembrance, such stories serve to “build each other up” (1 Thessalonians 5:11) and offer encouragement.

Practical Considerations

1. Tone and Approach

A eulogy should be respectful, focusing on positive, edifying aspects of the person’s life. Affirming genuine virtues, deeds, and faith-based qualities is more meaningful than exhaustive life details. Balancing honesty and kindness respects the biblical mandate of speaking truth in love (Ephesians 4:15).

2. Length and Content

Both brevity and substance are important. Biblical narratives often show that meaningful, God-honoring words do not have to be lengthy. A concise eulogy that highlights the person’s relationship with God can resonate deeply.

3. Cultural and Historical Insights

Archaeological discoveries regarding burial customs in the Ancient Near East demonstrate the importance of communal mourning and remembrance. Tomb inscriptions in first-century Judea often contained blessings for the deceased, indicating that the tradition of speaking well of the departed was culturally understood and practiced.

Conclusion

A eulogy, in the most foundational sense, is an act of blessing and speaking well of someone who has passed away. From a biblical standpoint, it aims to honor God’s role in the person’s life, console the mourners, and highlight the hope found in God’s promises.

In offering a eulogy, genuine respect and remembrance become an outpouring of grace, reflecting the heart of Scripture. By focusing on God’s faithfulness and the individual’s testimony of faith, a eulogy can provide comfort, uphold the memory of the deceased, and ultimately point to the greater narrative of divine love and redemption.