What insights does Matthew Henry offer on biblical passages?

Introduction to Matthew Henry’s Commentary

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) is known for a devotional and pastoral style of commentary that spans both Old and New Testaments. His writings retain a widely respected place in the study of Scripture, offering concise explanations, thorough cross references, and practical applications. Whether on a single verse or an entire chapter, Henry’s approach is deeply reflective, centering on God’s redemptive work through Christ. His commentary consistently invites readers to consider the spiritual meaning behind every biblical narrative, covenant, or command.

Below are several key insights Henry offers on various biblical passages and themes, along with notes on his interpretative patterns and examples from the Berean Standard Bible.

1. Emphasis on the Unity of Scripture

Matthew Henry frequently underscores how the Bible stands together as one harmonious message. He highlights that each book, prophecy, and narrative points toward God’s overarching plan of salvation.

When discussing Genesis 1:1, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth,” Henry connects that creation act to passages like John 1:1, emphasizing how the eternal Word (Christ) is central to both creation and redemption. He frames apparently diverse biblical sections as building upon God’s consistent truth.

Henry’s expositions often link Old Testament and New Testament themes, showing how the sacrificial system prefigures the atoning work of Christ, and how biblical covenants lead inexorably to the new covenant in His blood (cf. Luke 22:20). In this way, he underscores that from Genesis to Revelation, every verse ultimately points to God’s redemptive plan.

2. Christ-Centered Interpretation

Henry interprets Scripture through the lens of Christ’s person and work. Whenever a passage may seem obscure or purely historical, he will search for an ultimate application in the Redeemer.

He sees echoes of Christ in Old Testament figures who demonstrate sacrificial love or faithful leadership. For example, when commenting on Moses interceding for Israel in Exodus 32, Henry notes that Moses is a type of Christ’s intercession, referencing Hebrews 7:25, which states, “Therefore He is able to save completely those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to intercede for them.”

This Christ-centered viewpoint helps demonstrate Henry’s conviction that the gospel resonates in every biblical account, encouraging believers to exalt Christ as the primary focus of their study.

3. Practical and Devotional Application

Where many commentaries can be academic in tone, Henry’s reflections are enriched by a strong pastoral concern. He addresses not only what the text says about the nature of God but also how it should transform everyday conduct.

• In passages concerning obedience or faith (e.g., James 2:17: “So too, faith by itself, if it does not result in action, is dead.”), Henry highlights the necessity of applying one’s faith through works of righteousness and love, admonishing readers to examine their hearts.

• On texts highlighting repentance, he often calls for reflection and confession. When discussing Psalm 51:17, “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and a contrite heart, O God, You will not despise,” Henry underscores that contrition is the posture through which believers truly worship God in humility.

He thus balances interpretation and application, urging that biblical insight should motivate God-glorifying behavior.

4. Emphasis on God’s Sovereignty

Henry’s commentary shows a strong conviction about God’s sovereign hand in all historical and personal events. He identifies how the Lord orchestrates circumstances for His glory and confounds the proud while exalting the humble (cf. 1 Peter 5:6).

When discussing narratives like Joseph’s sale into slavery (Genesis 37–50), Henry points out the providential arrangement God used to preserve Israel. He notes that what appears as calamity on the surface can unfold redemptively when viewed through the lens of divine sovereignty.

5. Use of Clear Outlining and Summation

Henry is known for taking a given passage, outlining its contents, summarizing the doctrinal points, and then concluding with key lessons. He incorporates:

• Historical context: Explaining the cultural and historical background.

• Spiritual interpretation: Extracting moral or spiritual lessons.

• Personal application: Asking readers to examine their hearts in the light of the passage.

For instance, in his treatment of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5–7), Henry systematically surveys each beatitude, clarifies its meaning, and provides heart-focused application. A typical outline would note the group Jesus addresses, the trait commended (e.g., “Blessed are the poor in spirit”), and the promised inheritance (“for theirs is the kingdom of heaven” – Matthew 5:3), concluding with a call to cultivate humility.

6. Consistency with Historical-Christian Orthodoxy

While Henry’s commentary is often recognized for its warmth, it is also firmly grounded in historic Christian teaching. He aligns with core tenets such as the deity of Christ, the Trinity, salvation by grace through faith, and the inspiration of Scripture.

In passages like John 1:14, “The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us,” Henry emphasizes the incarnation’s profound importance. He stresses how Christ willingly came into the world, uniting divine nature with humanity, which is a cornerstone for understanding redemption.

His orthodox perspective shapes his entire approach, offering a reverence for biblical authority and urging readers to trust Scripture as the guide to truth and life (cf. Psalm 119:105: “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path”).

7. Liturgical and Devotional Insights

Matthew Henry did not limit himself to theological commentary—he also offered practices for personal devotion. He encouraged believers to pray with Scripture, often basing one’s petitions on God’s promises and attributes revealed in the text.

A well-known point is his guidance on praying through the specifics of a given passage. Whether the text deals with praise, confession, or intercession, Henry encourages readers to transform words of Scripture into personal requests or thanksgivings.

8. Representative Insights on Key Passages

1. Genesis 1 – Henry stresses God’s authority and infinite power. He connects the created order directly to God’s majesty: “Let there be light” (Genesis 1:3) demonstrates the awesome command of the Creator, reaffirming that life, structure, and design in the universe reflect God’s intention.

2. Psalm 23 – He brings out the shepherd imagery, highlighting deep relationship and provision (Psalm 23:1: “The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want”). Henry encourages resting in God’s care, contrasting anxious self-dependence with childlike faith in divine guidance.

3. Matthew 5–7 (Sermon on the Mount) – Henry outlines each section to show how Jesus calls disciples to righteousness exceeding mere external religion. He often pairs these teachings with warnings against hypocrisy and encourages transparency before God, pointing to Matthew 5:14, “You are the light of the world. A city on a hill cannot be hidden.”

4. Romans 8 – He magnifies the doctrine of life in the Spirit. Henry observes how Paul highlights freedom from condemnation (Romans 8:1: “Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus”), reminding believers of the security that flows from Christ’s finished work.

5. Revelation 21 – He depicts the promise of a new heaven and a new earth, emphasizing God’s faithfulness in restoring creation to glory. He references the hope of believers as they anticipate the full revelation of God’s kingdom, anchored in verses like Revelation 21:4, “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”

9. Lasting Influence

Matthew Henry’s commentary has been in circulation for over three centuries, continuing to guide pastors, teachers, and laity. Its blend of reverent exegesis, doctrinal grounding, and heartfelt devotion has ensured it remains relevant for meticulous theological study and personal reflection.

His writing style, though rooted in the 17th and 18th centuries, retains clarity and directness, making it a favorite resource for Scripture study groups. His pastoral tone encourages readers to let the Word shape their hearts and actions.

10. Conclusion

Matthew Henry offers a rich tapestry of insights that bring Scripture into focus as a unified, Christ-centered narrative. He demonstrates how each passage, whether historical account or apostolic exhortation, invites believers to deeper faith, worship, and obedience. By intertwining historical context, doctrinal clarity, and heartfelt application, he models an approach that balances theological depth with devotional warmth.

Studying his commentary can illuminate the text of Scripture, encourage devotion, and stir reverence for the divine Author. Whether one is exploring a single verse or an entire book of the Bible, Henry’s reflections remain an enduring guide for those seeking to read, understand, and practice the Word of God.