What is the study of angels called?

Definition and Scope

Angelology is the term traditionally used to describe the systematic study of angels, covering their origin, nature, roles, and significance as revealed in Scripture. While angels appear in many religious and cultural contexts, the biblical account uniquely portrays them as created beings serving the purposes of the Creator. This study draws its primary insights from the Bible, which consistently affirms the existence and activity of these celestial beings.

Biblical Terminology

The English word “angel” comes from the Greek ἄγγελος (angelos), meaning “messenger.” In the Old Testament, the Hebrew term מַלְאָךְ (mal’ak) also denotes a messenger. Across Scripture, these words can refer to both human messengers and divine messengers, depending on the context. For instance, “the angel of the LORD” in passages such as Genesis 16:7 can signify a special messenger with divine authority.

Origin and Purpose

Scripture clearly presents angels as created beings. Colossians 1:16 states, “For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible…” This indicates that angels did not always exist but were formed at some point by God’s will. Their primary purpose is to serve and worship Him. For example, Hebrews 1:14 teaches, “Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?” indicating their supportive role towards humanity under God’s design.

Types and Ranks of Angels

The Bible reveals a hierarchy of angelic beings, some with distinct titles and functions:

• Archangels: The term “archangel” indicates a chief or principal angel (cf. Jude 1:9). Scripture specifically names Michael as an archangel.

• Cherubim: Described first in Genesis 3:24 as guardians of the way to the tree of life, cherubim are often closely associated with the presence of God (cf. Exodus 25:20).

• Seraphim: Mentioned specifically in Isaiah 6:2, these beings are seen proclaiming God’s holiness around His throne.

• Gabriel: Mentioned by name in Luke 1:19, where he announces the birth of John the Baptist, saying, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God.”

Though there is mystery regarding the full nature of these ranks, Scripture gives enough detail to show a structured organization and distinct offices within the angelic host.

Roles and Functions

1. Worship of God: As seen in Revelation 5:11–12, hosts of angels worship the One seated on the throne, declaring divine worthiness and glory.

2. Messengers to Humans: Angels frequently appear as God’s envoys—announcing key events, interpreting visions, and delivering divine commands (cf. Daniel 9:21–23, Luke 1:26–38).

3. Protection and Guidance: Psalm 91:11 states, “For He will command His angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways.” Angels often defend or protect believers.

4. Execution of Divine Judgment: Angels are sometimes depicted carrying out God’s judgments (cf. 2 Samuel 24:16; Revelation 8–9).

Prominent Angelic Appearances in Scripture

• The Annunciation: Gabriel’s announcement to Mary about the birth of Jesus (Luke 1:26–38).

• Angelic Interventions: An angel shut the lions’ mouths to protect Daniel (Daniel 6:22).

• Resurrection Events: Angels witnessed and declared Christ’s resurrection (Matthew 28:5–6), highlighting their role in vital moments of salvation history.

• Apostolic Guidance: The book of Acts records angels delivering divine guidance (Acts 8:26) and liberating apostles from prison (Acts 12:7–10).

Historical and Anecdotal Considerations

Archaeological finds, such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, include references to angelic beings, corroborating the prominence of angels in ancient Hebrew thought. Early Christian writers, including some in the first centuries, also detailed beliefs about angelic appearances and interventions. These references mirror the themes found in biblical narratives, supporting the consistency of Scripture’s testimony.

Misconceptions and Clarifications

1. Angels as Deities?: The Bible never presents angels as objects of worship (Revelation 19:10). They are created, not divine.

2. Human Beings Becoming Angels?: Scripture does not support the idea that humans transform into angels after death. They are distinct orders of creation (1 Corinthians 6:3 indicates that humans will judge angels).

3. Guardian Angels: While angels do safeguard believers (Psalm 34:7), Scripture remains cautious about the over-speculation of personal guardian angels.

Practical Considerations

The study of angels (Angelology) points beyond the angels themselves to the greatness of the Creator. Recognizing that angels act under God’s authority can lead believers to a deeper reverence for Him. Their example of continual worship, obedience, and service offers a model of devotion.

Conclusion

Angelology is an integral part of biblical study, encompassing the identity, ranks, and missions of these created spiritual beings. Through Scripture’s consistent witness—from Genesis through Revelation—angels carry out the directives of God, worship Him, execute His judgments, and serve His people. These truths align with the overarching biblical narrative that glorifies the Creator as supreme, showcasing angels as essential yet subordinate participants in His plan.

Such study reminds us that all creation, visible and invisible, ultimately proclaims the majesty of the One who made and governs the universe. Consequently, the study of angels is not merely an exploration of spiritual beings but a pursuit that further magnifies the splendor of the God they serve.