Why does God permit the existence of COVID-19?

1. Understanding the Fallen Condition of Humanity

COVID-19 is not the first pestilence humanity has faced. Scripture describes a world that was originally “very good” (Genesis 1:31), yet became corrupted once sin entered (Romans 5:12). This corruption did not spare nature; it impacted every facet of life, including the emergence of harmful diseases. By allowing humanity free will, God also allowed for the possibility of sin’s consequences. Illness and suffering are part of the broader fallen condition we experience this side of eternity.

From a historical viewpoint, pandemics and plagues appear in both biblical records (e.g., 2 Samuel 24:15; Matthew 24:7) and in external historical documents. We see consistent testimony that diseases are a recurring reality in a broken world. They serve as a reminder that we live in a universe longing for restoration (Romans 8:20–22).

2. God’s Sovereignty and Permissive Will

Scripture affirms that God remains sovereign, overseeing the entire created order (Psalm 103:19). Nothing occurs without His allowance. Yet permissive will differs from direct causation. Multiple biblical examples illustrate that God sometimes permits adversity to accomplish a greater purpose (Genesis 50:20). In the case of COVID-19, God’s sovereignty remains intact even if He utilizes or permits natural processes that appear harmful.

Throughout the Bible, episodes such as Joseph’s enslavement or Job’s trials demonstrate how God can weave redemption through difficult circumstances. While not diminishing the gravity of sickness, these accounts reveal that calamity can serve larger divine ends.

3. Times of Testing and Spiritual Refinement

Crises, including pandemics, often expose the depth of one’s character and faith. Deuteronomy 8:2 speaks of Israel’s trials in the wilderness as a test “to know what was in your heart.” Moments of widespread affliction can similarly prompt self-reflection and refine our trust in God.

James 1:2–3 exhorts believers to “consider it pure joy…when you encounter trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance.” Hardships, though painful, can foster a deeper reliance on the Creator and a matured faith.

4. Human Responsibility and Compassionate Care

Even as God remains in control, Scripture underscores human responsibility to care for others. In Leviticus 13, God provided detailed guidelines to manage infectious diseases among the Israelites. This principle of compassionate, diligent care applies just as much today, motivating believers to act responsibly and serve the vulnerable.

Modern medical and scientific advancements, including vaccines and therapeutic treatments, often represent the fruit of God-given intellect and creativity. Multiple archaeological records and modern findings (such as medical journals providing evidence-based treatments) demonstrate that caring for people’s physical needs becomes a tangible expression of love (Mark 12:31).

5. Opportunities for Spiritual Growth and Witness

Challenges like COVID-19 accentuate life’s fragility. This awareness can move hearts to consider profound questions about mortality, eternity, and hope. A global event so disruptive can open doors for spiritual conversations. In Luke 13:4–5, Jesus references a disaster and calls for personal repentance. In the same way, a pandemic can prompt individuals to seek solace in God.

Historically, the early church grew rapidly in times of crisis because believers displayed steadfast compassion and hope. External Roman records (such as Dionysius’ letters about epidemics in the early church) corroborate that Christians provided care beyond what was typical in that era, showcasing a love rooted in eternal assurance.

6. Prayer and Seeking Divine Intervention

Scripture repeatedly calls for prayer in moments of sickness and trouble (Philippians 4:6–7). Even when outcomes remain uncertain, believers are urged to “pray without ceasing” (1 Thessalonians 5:17). Examples of collective or intercessory prayer in biblical history—such as Moses interceding for the Israelites (Numbers 14:13–20)—illustrate that God works through the prayers of His people to bring relief, healing, or endurance.

Both the Old and New Testaments reflect instances of divine healing—miracles that defy natural explanation (2 Kings 5:14; Mark 5:34). While not every situation results in an immediate cure, the principle stands that prayer invites God’s intervention and aligns hearts with His will.

7. The Greater Purpose Behind Suffering

Suffering, when viewed merely through a physical or temporal lens, can seem arbitrary. Yet the Bible offers hope that God uses every circumstance, even painful ones, to accomplish good. Consider Romans 8:28: “And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.” This verse testifies that no event is wasted in God’s overarching design.

From archaeological relics tied to biblical events (demonstrating how past plagues shaped spiritual revivals) to modern testimonies of individuals encountering God amid hardship, we see the tapestry of God’s redemptive plan woven through adversity. COVID-19, though severe, can foster perseverance, resilience, and renewed faith.

8. An Eternal Perspective and Ultimate Restoration

The existence of COVID-19, like all suffering, points to the reality that this world is not our final home. Second Corinthians 4:17–18 teaches that present afflictions, however intense, are temporary in comparison to the “eternal glory that far outweighs them all.” Followers of Christ anticipate a future where sorrow, pain, and death are eradicated (Revelation 21:4).

Moreover, the resurrection of Christ provides a foundation for this hope. Historical and manuscript evidence—supported by extensive research on the authenticity of gospel accounts—affirms the reality of the resurrection as a guarantee of ultimate victory over sin and its consequences (1 Corinthians 15:20–22).

9. Conclusion: Resting in God’s Goodness and Purpose

Although COVID-19 brings grief, uncertainty, and challenges, Scripture assures us that God remains all-powerful, loving, and involved. The invitation stands to approach Him in prayer, display compassion, and reflect on eternity. As believers trust in divine sovereignty, they find purpose in serving those affected and sharing the enduring hope only found in Christ.

Through every season of human trial, including this pandemic, God’s redemptive plan continues. Suffering can become a divine instrument for spiritual awakening, communal care, and eternal focus, ultimately pointing toward a new creation free from disease and despair.