1 Samuel 24:10
Behold, this day you have seen with your own eyes that the LORD delivered you into my hand in the cave. I was told to kill you, but I spared you and said, 'I will not lift my hand against my lord, since he is the LORD's anointed.'
This day
The phrase "This day" emphasizes the immediacy and significance of the event. In the Hebrew context, "this day" (הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, hayyom hazeh) often marks a pivotal moment in biblical narratives. It underscores the divine orchestration of events, reminding us that God's timing is perfect and His plans unfold in His appointed time.

you have seen with your own eyes
The act of seeing "with your own eyes" (בְּעֵינֶיךָ, be'eynekha) is a powerful testament to personal experience and undeniable evidence. In biblical times, witnessing an event firsthand was crucial for establishing truth. This phrase highlights the transparency and authenticity of David's actions, as he appeals to Saul's own perception to validate his integrity.

how the LORD delivered you into my hand
The phrase "the LORD delivered you into my hand" (נְתָנְךָ יְהוָה בְּיָדִי, netan'kha YHWH beyadi) reflects the belief in divine sovereignty and providence. The Hebrew word for "delivered" (נָתַן, natan) implies a purposeful act of giving or entrusting. This underscores the theological conviction that God is actively involved in the affairs of men, orchestrating circumstances according to His will.

in the cave
The setting "in the cave" (בַּמְּעָרָה, bamma'arah) is significant both geographically and symbolically. Caves in the ancient Near East were often places of refuge and concealment. This particular cave becomes a stage for a profound moral and spiritual test, where David's restraint and respect for God's anointed are vividly displayed.

Some urged me to kill you
The phrase "Some urged me to kill you" (וַיֹּאמְרוּ לִי לַהֲרָגְךָ, vayomeru li laharogkha) reveals the pressure and temptation David faced from his men. The Hebrew verb "urged" (אָמַר, amar) can also mean "said" or "commanded," indicating the strong influence and counsel David received. This highlights the internal and external conflicts leaders often face when making ethical decisions.

but I spared you
The decision "but I spared you" (וָאֶחְמָל עָלֶיךָ, va'ekhmol aleikha) demonstrates David's mercy and self-control. The Hebrew verb "spared" (חָמַל, chamal) conveys compassion and restraint. David's choice to spare Saul, despite having the opportunity to harm him, exemplifies a commitment to righteousness and a deep respect for God's authority.

saying, ‘I will not lift my hand against my master
The declaration "I will not lift my hand against my master" (לֹא אֶשְׁלַח יָדִי בַּאדֹנִי, lo eshlach yadi ba'adoni) reflects David's recognition of Saul's God-given authority. The phrase "lift my hand" (אֶשְׁלַח יָדִי, eshlach yadi) is a Hebrew idiom for taking action, particularly violent action. David's refusal to harm Saul underscores his submission to God's order and his understanding of legitimate authority.

because he is the LORD’s anointed
The reason "because he is the LORD’s anointed" (כִּי מְשִׁיחַ יְהוָה הוּא, ki meshiach YHWH hu) is rooted in the sacredness of God's chosen leaders. The term "anointed" (מְשִׁיחַ, meshiach) signifies one who is consecrated and set apart by God for a specific purpose. David's respect for Saul as the LORD's anointed reflects a profound reverence for God's decisions and the sanctity of His appointments. This principle of honoring God's anointed extends beyond the immediate context, serving as a timeless reminder of the importance of respecting those whom God has placed in positions of authority.

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by God, who is currently fleeing from King Saul. David demonstrates restraint and respect for God's anointed.

2. Saul
The current king of Israel, who is pursuing David out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne. Saul is unaware of David's presence in the cave.

3. The Cave
A location in the wilderness of En Gedi where David and his men are hiding. It becomes the setting for a significant moral and spiritual test for David.

4. David's Men
Loyal followers of David who encourage him to take advantage of the opportunity to kill Saul, viewing it as divine providence.

5. The LORD’s Anointed
A term referring to Saul, emphasizing the sacredness of his position as king, chosen by God, despite his current disobedience.
Teaching Points
Respect for God’s Anointed
David’s refusal to harm Saul highlights the importance of respecting those whom God has placed in authority, even when they are flawed.

Trust in God’s Timing
David’s decision to spare Saul demonstrates his trust in God’s timing and justice, rather than taking matters into his own hands.

Moral Integrity
David’s actions show the importance of maintaining integrity and righteousness, even when pressured by others to act otherwise.

Forgiveness and Mercy
By sparing Saul, David exemplifies forgiveness and mercy, qualities that are central to Christian living.

Divine Providence
Recognizing God’s hand in our circumstances can guide us to make decisions that align with His will, as David did.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does David’s respect for Saul as "the LORD’s anointed" challenge us in our interactions with authority figures today?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate trust in God’s timing when faced with difficult decisions or injustices?

3. How does David’s choice to spare Saul reflect the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament about loving our enemies?

4. What are some practical ways we can maintain our moral integrity when faced with peer pressure or societal expectations?

5. How can recognizing God’s providence in our lives help us make decisions that honor Him?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Samuel 26
Another instance where David spares Saul's life, reinforcing his respect for God's anointed.

Romans 12:19
Paul’s teaching on leaving vengeance to God, which aligns with David’s decision not to harm Saul.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus’ command to love our enemies, which David exemplifies by sparing Saul.

Psalm 57
A psalm attributed to David during his time in the cave, expressing trust in God’s protection and justice.
David Sparing His EnemyT. W. Hooper, D. D.1 Samuel 24:3-22
David Sparing His EnemyMonday Club Sermons1 Samuel 24:3-22
Saul and David in the CaveH. E. Stone.1 Samuel 24:3-22
CalumnyB. Dale 1 Samuel 24:8-12
People
David, Saul
Places
Engedi, Wildgoats' Rocks
Topics
Anointed, Bade, Behold, Cave, Death, Delivered, Eye, Forth, Hands, Hollow, Holy, Kill, Lift, Lifted, Lord's, Marked, Master, Oil, Pity, Rocks, Slay, Spared, Stretch, To-day, Urged
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 24:10

     2206   Jesus, the Christ
     5047   opportunities, in life
     8650   hands, lifting up

1 Samuel 24:1-12

     5496   revenge, examples

1 Samuel 24:1-22

     5934   restraint

1 Samuel 24:2-22

     4218   cave

1 Samuel 24:8-22

     8428   example

1 Samuel 24:10-11

     5865   gestures

Library
Love for Hate, the True Quid Pro Quo
'And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the Lord said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul's robe privily. 5. And it came to pass afterward, that David's heart smote him, because he had out off Saul's skirt. 6. And he said unto his men, The Lord forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the Lord's anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Exile --Continued.
There are many echoes of this period of Engedi in the Psalms. Perhaps the most distinctly audible of these are to be found in the seventh psalm, which is all but universally recognised as David's, even Ewald concurring in the general consent. It is an irregular ode--for such is the meaning of Shiggaion in the title, and by its broken rhythms and abrupt transitions testifies to the emotion of its author. The occasion of it is said to be "the words of Cush the Benjamite." As this is a peculiar name
Alexander Maclaren—The Life of David

How Subjects and Prelates are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 5.) Differently to be admonished are subjects and prelates: the former that subjection crush them not, the latter that superior place elate them not: the former that they fail not to fulfil what is commanded them, the latter that they command not more to be fulfilled than is just: the former that they submit humbly, the latter that they preside temperately. For this, which may be understood also figuratively, is said to the former, Children, obey your parents in the Lord: but to
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

The Exile --Continued.
We have one psalm which the title connects with the beginning of David's stay at Adullam,--the thirty-fourth. The supposition that it dates from that period throws great force into many parts of it, and gives a unity to what is else apparently fragmentary and disconnected. Unlike those already considered, which were pure soliloquies, this is full of exhortation and counsel, as would naturally be the case if it were written when friends and followers began to gather to his standard. It reads like
Alexander Maclaren—The Life of David

The Hebrew Sages and their Proverbs
[Sidenote: Role of the sages in Israel's life] In the days of Jeremiah and Ezekiel (Jer. xviii. 18; Ezek. vii. 26) three distinct classes of religious teachers were recognized by the people: the prophets, the priests, and the wise men or sages. From their lips and pens have come practically all the writings of the Old Testament. Of these three classes the wise men or sages are far less prominent or well known. They wrote no history of Israel, they preached no public sermons, nor do they appear
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

How those are to be Admonished with whom Everything Succeeds According to their Wish, and those with whom Nothing Does.
(Admonition 27.) Differently to be admonished are those who prosper in what they desire in temporal matters, and those who covet indeed the things that are of this world, but yet are wearied with the labour of adversity. For those who prosper in what they desire in temporal matters are to be admonished, when all things answer to their wishes, lest, through fixing their heart on what is given, they neglect to seek the giver; lest they love their pilgrimage instead of their country; lest they turn
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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