When Mordecai learned of all that had happened
Mordecai, a Jew living in the Persian Empire, becomes aware of Haman's plot to annihilate the Jewish people. This event occurs during the reign of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), around 486-465 BC. The decree against the Jews is a result of Haman's hatred for Mordecai, who refused to bow to him. This reflects the ongoing tension between the descendants of King Saul (Mordecai) and the Amalekites (Haman), as seen in 1 Samuel 15.

he tore his clothes
Tearing one's clothes is a traditional Jewish expression of grief and mourning, seen throughout the Old Testament (e.g., Genesis 37:34, 2 Samuel 1:11). It signifies deep sorrow and distress, often in response to death or calamity. Mordecai's actions indicate the severity of the threat against the Jewish people.

put on sackcloth and ashes
Sackcloth, a coarse material, and ashes are symbols of mourning and repentance. This practice is common in the ancient Near East and is used by individuals seeking God's mercy (e.g., Jonah 3:6, Daniel 9:3). Mordecai's donning of sackcloth and ashes underscores his desperation and the need for divine intervention.

and went out into the middle of the city
Mordecai's public display of mourning in the city center is significant. It draws attention to the plight of the Jews and serves as a call to action. The city, likely Susa, the Persian capital, is a place of political and social activity, making Mordecai's actions more visible and impactful.

wailing loudly and bitterly
The loud and bitter wailing is a profound expression of grief and urgency. This public lamentation is not only a personal response but also a communal call for the Jewish people to recognize the impending danger. It echoes the cries of other biblical figures in times of distress (e.g., Jeremiah 4:8, Joel 1:13). Mordecai's actions foreshadow the intercessory role of Christ, who also mourns over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41).

But he went only as far as the king’s gate
Mordecai's actions here are significant in the context of Persian customs and the narrative of Esther. The king's gate was a place of official business and judgment, indicating Mordecai's position of influence and his access to the royal court. His decision to stop at the gate reflects his respect for the law and the boundaries set by the Persian empire. This moment also highlights the tension between his Jewish identity and his role within a foreign government. The king's gate serves as a symbolic boundary between the secular authority of the Persian empire and the spiritual and cultural identity of the Jewish people.

because the law prohibited anyone wearing sackcloth from entering that gate
Sackcloth was traditionally worn as a sign of mourning, repentance, or distress, often associated with fasting and prayer. In the Persian empire, as in many ancient cultures, there were strict regulations about maintaining decorum and appearances in royal spaces. The prohibition against wearing sackcloth in the king's gate underscores the Persian emphasis on order and the separation of personal grief from public duty. This law reflects the broader theme of the book of Esther, where the hidden and the revealed, the personal and the public, are in constant interplay. Mordecai's adherence to this law, despite his deep mourning, demonstrates his respect for authority while also highlighting the gravity of the situation facing the Jewish people. This moment foreshadows the eventual revelation and reversal of fortunes that is central to the narrative of Esther.

In every province to which the king’s command and edict came
The Persian Empire, under King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), was vast, stretching from India to Ethiopia, encompassing 127 provinces. The king's edict, influenced by Haman, called for the destruction of all Jews, highlighting the widespread reach and power of the Persian administration. This decree's impact was felt across the entire empire, demonstrating the centralized authority of the king and the vulnerability of the Jewish people scattered throughout these regions. The edict's reach underscores the urgency and desperation of the situation faced by the Jews.

there was great mourning among the Jews
The mourning reflects the deep distress and fear among the Jewish communities. Mourning in the ancient Near East often involved public displays of grief, indicating the severity of the threat. This collective mourning signifies a unified response to the existential threat posed by the edict, emphasizing the communal nature of Jewish identity and their shared fate. The mourning also serves as a precursor to the eventual deliverance, highlighting the theme of divine providence and intervention.

They fasted, wept, and lamented
Fasting, weeping, and lamenting are traditional Jewish expressions of grief and repentance. Fasting is often associated with seeking God's favor or intervention, as seen in other biblical instances such as the fasts of Nineveh (Jonah 3:5-10) and the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29-31). Weeping and lamenting are outward expressions of inner turmoil and desperation. These actions reflect a deep spiritual response, seeking divine mercy and intervention in a time of crisis.

and many lay in sackcloth and ashes
Sackcloth and ashes are symbols of mourning, repentance, and humility before God. Sackcloth, a coarse material, was worn to express sorrow and penitence, while ashes symbolized desolation and mortality. This practice is seen throughout the Old Testament, such as in the stories of Job (Job 42:6) and the repentance of the people of Nineveh (Jonah 3:6). The use of sackcloth and ashes indicates a recognition of human frailty and a plea for divine intervention, aligning with the broader biblical theme of repentance leading to redemption.

When Esther’s maidens and eunuchs came and told her about Mordecai
In the Persian court, it was common for queens to have attendants, including maidens and eunuchs, who served various roles. Eunuchs, often castrated men, were trusted in royal households due to their inability to produce heirs, thus eliminating any threat to the royal lineage. The presence of both maidens and eunuchs highlights the structured hierarchy and the isolation of the queen from the outside world, as she relied on them for information. Mordecai's actions, wearing sackcloth, were a public display of mourning and protest, which would have been reported to Esther due to the close familial relationship and the potential implications for her position.

the queen was overcome with distress
Esther's distress indicates her deep concern for Mordecai, her cousin and adoptive father, and possibly her fear of the implications of his actions. In the ancient Near Eastern context, public displays of mourning, like wearing sackcloth, were significant and could indicate a crisis. Esther's reaction shows her emotional connection and loyalty to Mordecai, as well as her awareness of the potential danger to her people, the Jews, due to Haman's decree.

She sent clothes for Mordecai to wear instead of his sackcloth
Esther's attempt to clothe Mordecai in regular garments can be seen as a gesture of care and an attempt to protect him from the consequences of his public mourning. Sackcloth was a coarse material worn during times of grief or repentance, and by sending clothes, Esther might have been trying to help Mordecai avoid drawing attention to himself, which could have been dangerous given the political climate. This act also reflects the cultural practice of providing for one's family and the importance of maintaining appearances in the royal court.

but he would not accept them
Mordecai's refusal to accept the clothes signifies his determination to continue his public protest against the edict to annihilate the Jews. This act of defiance underscores the seriousness of the situation and his commitment to seeking justice for his people. It also highlights the theme of standing firm in one's convictions, a recurring motif in biblical narratives. Mordecai's actions can be seen as a type of Christ, who also stood firm in His mission despite opposition, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and courage in the face of adversity.

Then Esther summoned Hathach
Esther, as queen, had the authority to summon individuals to her presence. This reflects her position of influence within the Persian court. Hathach, a eunuch, was a trusted servant, indicating the level of confidentiality and trust Esther required. Eunuchs often held significant roles in royal courts due to their perceived loyalty and inability to establish competing dynasties.

one of the king’s eunuchs appointed to her
Eunuchs were commonly employed in ancient Near Eastern courts, often serving in roles that required discretion and loyalty. Hathach being appointed to Esther suggests that she had her own retinue, highlighting her status and the trust the king placed in her. This also underscores the Persian practice of assigning eunuchs to serve royal women, ensuring their security and privacy.

and she dispatched him to Mordecai
Esther's decision to send Hathach to Mordecai shows her concern and proactive nature. Mordecai, her cousin and guardian, was a key figure in her life, and his distress would have been significant to her. This action demonstrates the close relationship and communication between Esther and Mordecai, despite her secluded life in the palace.

to learn what was troubling him and why
Esther's inquiry into Mordecai's distress indicates her compassion and sense of responsibility. Mordecai's mourning was due to Haman's decree to annihilate the Jews, a crisis that threatened their entire people. Esther's desire to understand the situation reflects her wisdom and willingness to act, foreshadowing her pivotal role in the deliverance of the Jewish people. This moment sets the stage for Esther's courageous intervention, which parallels the intercessory role of Christ, who acts on behalf of His people.

So Hathach went out to Mordecai
Hathach is a eunuch serving Queen Esther, indicating the trust and responsibility placed upon him. His role highlights the hierarchical structure of the Persian court, where eunuchs often held significant positions. Mordecai, a Jew living in exile, is Esther's cousin and guardian, emphasizing the familial bonds and responsibilities within Jewish culture. This interaction underscores the urgency and secrecy required in their communication, as Mordecai cannot directly approach Esther due to court protocols.

in the city square
The city square serves as a public gathering place, often used for commerce, legal matters, and social interaction. It is a strategic location for Mordecai to be visible and accessible, reflecting the openness of his mourning and protest against Haman's decree. The public nature of the square contrasts with the private and restricted access of the royal palace, highlighting the divide between the common people and the ruling elite.

in front of the king’s gate
The king's gate is a significant location, symbolizing authority and governance. It is where official business and legal matters are conducted, and Mordecai's presence there indicates his position as a minor official or someone with access to the palace. This setting is crucial for the unfolding of events, as it allows Mordecai to communicate with Esther through intermediaries like Hathach. The king's gate also represents the boundary between the secular power of the Persian Empire and the divine providence guiding the Jewish people, as seen throughout the Book of Esther.

and Mordecai told him all that had happened to him
Mordecai, a Jew living in Susa, the Persian capital, is a central figure in the Book of Esther. His actions and experiences are pivotal to the narrative. Mordecai's communication here is crucial as it sets the stage for Esther's intervention. The phrase indicates Mordecai's role as a witness and informant, highlighting his awareness of the political machinations against the Jews. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's people being aware and proactive in the face of adversity, as seen in the stories of Joseph and Daniel.

including the exact amount of money that Haman had promised to pay into the royal treasury
Haman, an Agagite and high-ranking official, harbors deep animosity towards the Jews, particularly Mordecai. His willingness to pay a substantial sum to the royal treasury underscores the depth of his hatred and the seriousness of the threat. This financial transaction is a bribe to secure royal approval for his genocidal plan. The mention of money highlights the corrupting influence of wealth and power, a recurring theme in Scripture, as seen in the betrayal of Jesus for thirty pieces of silver.

in order to destroy the Jews
The intent to destroy the Jews is a recurring threat throughout biblical history, reflecting the spiritual warfare against God's chosen people. This phrase connects to the broader narrative of anti-Semitism and the survival of the Jewish people against overwhelming odds. It echoes earlier biblical events, such as Pharaoh's decree in Exodus, and foreshadows future persecutions. Theologically, it points to the enduring covenant between God and Israel, and the ultimate protection and deliverance promised to His people.

Mordecai also gave Hathach a copy of the written decree issued in Susa for the destruction of the Jews
Mordecai's action of providing a copy of the decree highlights the gravity of the situation. Susa, the capital of the Persian Empire, was a significant center of power, and the decree's issuance from there underscores its authority and reach. Historically, the Persian Empire was known for its extensive bureaucracy and record-keeping, which is reflected in the existence of a written decree. The decree for the destruction of the Jews is reminiscent of other biblical instances where God's people faced annihilation, such as Pharaoh's decree in Exodus. This situation foreshadows the ultimate deliverance that God provides, pointing to the salvation found in Jesus Christ.

to show and explain to Esther
Mordecai's intent to show and explain the decree to Esther indicates the importance of communication and understanding in dire circumstances. Esther, living in the palace, may have been insulated from the immediate effects of the decree, highlighting the separation between the royal court and the common people. This act of explanation is crucial, as it empowers Esther with the knowledge needed to act. It reflects the biblical principle of seeking wisdom and understanding, as seen in Proverbs.

urging her to approach the king
Mordecai's urging signifies the urgency and desperation of the situation. Approaching the king was a dangerous act, as Persian law prohibited anyone from entering the king's presence uninvited, under penalty of death. This reflects the absolute power of the Persian monarchy and the risks involved in seeking justice. The act of approaching the king can be seen as a type of intercession, similar to how Christ intercedes on behalf of humanity before God.

implore his favor
Imploring the king's favor suggests a reliance on mercy and grace, themes prevalent throughout Scripture. In the ancient Near East, favor from a king could mean life or death, and Esther's plea for favor mirrors the believer's plea for God's grace. This act of seeking favor is a precursor to the grace offered through Jesus Christ, who provides access to the Father.

and plead before him for her people
Esther's role as an advocate for her people is a powerful image of intercession. Her willingness to plead before the king on behalf of the Jews is a type of Christ, who pleads on behalf of humanity. This act of advocacy is a central theme in the Bible, where leaders often stand in the gap for their people, as seen with Moses and the Israelites. Esther's intercession is a reminder of the power of prayer and advocacy in the face of injustice.

So Hathach went back
Hathach is a eunuch serving in the Persian court, specifically assigned to Queen Esther. His role highlights the structured hierarchy and the trust placed in him by Esther. The presence of eunuchs in royal courts was common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, as they were often seen as loyal and trustworthy servants. This phrase indicates the communication method within the palace, where direct access to the queen was limited, necessitating intermediaries.

and relayed Mordecai’s response
Mordecai, a Jew living in Susa, is Esther's cousin and adoptive father. His response is crucial, as it reflects the urgency and gravity of the situation facing the Jewish people. Mordecai's communication through Hathach underscores the perilous position of the Jews under King Xerxes' decree, which Haman orchestrated. This moment is pivotal in the narrative, as it sets the stage for Esther's courageous intervention. The use of intermediaries like Hathach also illustrates the limitations and risks of communication in a royal setting.

to Esther.
Esther, a Jewish woman who became queen of Persia, is central to the narrative. Her position in the palace is both a place of influence and isolation, as she is initially unaware of the decree against her people. This phrase marks a turning point where Esther becomes aware of the crisis and is called to act. Her role as a mediator for her people is a type of Christ, who intercedes on behalf of humanity. Esther's story is a testament to divine providence and the courage required to fulfill one's God-given purpose.

Then Esther spoke to Hathach
Esther, a Jewish queen in the Persian Empire, communicates through Hathach, a eunuch appointed to serve her. This highlights the hierarchical and structured nature of the Persian court, where direct communication was often mediated by trusted servants. The use of intermediaries was common in ancient royal settings, reflecting the protocols and security measures of the time. Esther's reliance on Hathach underscores her position within the palace, where she is somewhat isolated from the outside world, including her cousin Mordecai.

and instructed him to tell Mordecai
Mordecai, Esther's cousin and guardian, plays a crucial role in the narrative as a leader among the Jewish exiles in Persia. Esther's instructions to Hathach to communicate with Mordecai demonstrate the urgency and gravity of the situation, as Mordecai had informed her of Haman's plot to annihilate the Jews. This phrase indicates the trust and respect between Esther and Mordecai, as well as the importance of their collaboration in the unfolding events. The communication between Esther and Mordecai through Hathach also reflects the limitations placed on Esther as a woman in the Persian court, where her movements and interactions were restricted.

All the royal officials and the people of the king’s provinces know
This phrase highlights the widespread awareness of the law within the Persian Empire, which was vast and included many provinces. The Persian Empire, under King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), was known for its extensive bureaucracy and communication systems, which ensured that laws and decrees were well-known throughout the empire. This context emphasizes the gravity and universality of the law Esther refers to.

that one law applies to every man or woman who approaches the king in the inner court without being summoned
The inner court was a place of great significance and security, reserved for the king and those he invited. The law mentioned here underscores the absolute authority of the Persian king and the strict protocols of the royal court. This reflects the cultural and historical context of ancient Near Eastern monarchies, where approaching the king uninvited was seen as a severe breach of protocol and a potential threat to the king's safety.

that he be put to death
This severe penalty illustrates the absolute power of the king and the seriousness of court protocol. It also reflects the ancient Near Eastern view of kingship, where the king was often seen as a semi-divine figure whose presence was sacred. The death penalty for unsummoned approach served as a deterrent against potential threats and maintained the sanctity of the king's court.

Only if the king extends the gold scepter may that person live
The gold scepter symbolizes the king's authority and mercy. Extending it was a sign of favor and acceptance, allowing the person to approach without fear of death. This act of grace can be seen as a type of Christ, who extends mercy and grace to those who approach Him. The scepter's extension is a pivotal moment, representing the king's power to grant life or death.

But I have not been summoned to appear before the king for the past thirty days
Esther's statement reveals her precarious position and the risk involved in approaching the king. The thirty-day period suggests a possible waning of the king's favor or interest, adding to Esther's anxiety. This situation sets the stage for Esther's courageous decision to risk her life for her people, highlighting themes of faith, providence, and divine timing. Esther's dilemma can be connected to the broader biblical narrative of God's people facing trials and relying on divine intervention.

When Esther’s words were relayed to Mordecai,
*Biblical Context:* This phrase occurs in the narrative where Esther, a Jewish queen of Persia, is in communication with her cousin Mordecai. Mordecai has informed Esther of Haman's plot to annihilate the Jews, and Esther initially hesitates to approach the king due to the risk involved.

*Historical and Cultural Context:* In ancient Persia, communication between the queen and others outside the palace often required intermediaries. This reflects the protocols and restrictions of the royal court, where direct access to the queen was limited.

*Connections to Other Scripture:* The communication between Esther and Mordecai highlights the theme of intercession, which is seen throughout the Bible. Esther's role as an intercessor for her people parallels the role of Moses interceding for Israel (Exodus 32:11-14) and foreshadows the ultimate intercession of Christ for humanity (Hebrews 7:25).

*Types of Jesus Christ:* Esther's willingness to risk her life for her people can be seen as a type of Christ, who sacrificed Himself for the salvation of mankind. Her intercession is a precursor to the mediatory role of Jesus.

*Prophecy:* While not a direct prophecy, the deliverance of the Jews in Esther's story is a testament to God's providential care for His people, which is a recurring theme in prophetic literature, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His covenant promises. he sent back to her this reply:
Mordecai's response to Esther is a pivotal moment in the narrative. This phrase indicates a direct communication, emphasizing the urgency and seriousness of the situation. In the context of ancient Persia, communication between a male relative and a queen would typically be indirect, highlighting the gravity of Mordecai's message. This reflects the cultural norms where women, even queens, had limited autonomy and relied on male relatives for guidance and protection.

Do not imagine that because you are in the king’s palace
Esther's position as queen might have given her a false sense of security. The palace, a symbol of power and protection, is ironically also a place of vulnerability, as seen in the story of Vashti, the previous queen. This phrase challenges the notion of safety through proximity to power, reminding readers of the transient nature of earthly security. It also reflects the biblical theme that true security comes from God, not human institutions.

you alone will escape the fate of all the Jews.
Mordecai warns Esther that her royal status will not exempt her from the decree against the Jews. This highlights the interconnectedness of the Jewish people and the shared destiny they face. Historically, this reflects the precarious position of Jews in exile, often subject to the whims of rulers. Theologically, it underscores the idea of collective responsibility and the call for individuals to act for the greater good. This phrase also foreshadows the deliverance theme prevalent in the book, where God uses individuals to fulfill His purposes, drawing parallels to the role of Christ as a deliverer for all humanity.

For if you remain silent at this time
This phrase highlights the urgency and critical nature of Esther's situation. The historical context is the Persian Empire during the reign of King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), where a decree has been issued to annihilate the Jewish people. Esther, a Jew herself, is in a unique position as queen. The cultural context emphasizes the risk Esther faces in approaching the king uninvited, which could result in her death. Theologically, this phrase suggests the importance of speaking out against injustice and the responsibility of those in positions of influence to act.

relief and deliverance for the Jews will arise from another place
This statement reflects a strong belief in God's providence and faithfulness to His covenant with Israel. It implies that God's plans are not thwarted by human inaction. Theologically, it underscores the idea that God is sovereign and will fulfill His promises, as seen throughout the Old Testament, such as in the stories of Joseph and Moses. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of God's deliverance, as seen in the Exodus narrative.

but you and your father’s house will perish
This warning to Esther indicates the potential consequences of inaction, not just for her but for her family line. Historically, this reflects the precarious nature of life in the Persian court, where political fortunes could change rapidly. Theologically, it suggests the principle of accountability and the idea that failing to act in accordance with God's will can lead to personal and familial consequences, as seen in the stories of Saul and Eli.

And who knows if perhaps you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this?
This phrase suggests divine providence and purpose in Esther's rise to queenship. It implies that her position is not coincidental but part of a larger divine plan. This echoes the biblical theme of God using individuals for His purposes, as seen in the lives of Joseph, David, and Daniel. Theologically, it points to the idea that God places people in specific situations to fulfill His purposes, a concept that resonates with the New Testament teaching on the body of Christ and spiritual gifts. This phrase also foreshadows the ultimate deliverance through Jesus Christ, who came at the appointed time for the salvation of humanity.

Then Esther
Esther, a Jewish queen of Persia, is central to the narrative of the Book of Esther. Her Hebrew name, Hadassah, means "myrtle," symbolizing peace and joy. Esther's position as queen is pivotal, as it places her in a unique position to influence the king and save her people. Her story is a testament to divine providence and the courage required to fulfill one's God-given purpose.

sent this reply
Communication in ancient Persia often involved messengers, as seen in Esther's interaction with Mordecai. This method underscores the urgency and importance of the message. Esther's response is a turning point in the narrative, indicating her willingness to take action despite the risks involved. It highlights the theme of obedience and courage in the face of danger.

to Mordecai
Mordecai, Esther's cousin and guardian, plays a crucial role in the story. His position at the king's gate suggests he held a significant role within the Persian administration. Mordecai's faith and wisdom are evident throughout the narrative, as he guides Esther and encourages her to act for the salvation of the Jewish people. His relationship with Esther is a model of mentorship and godly counsel.

Go and assemble all the Jews who can be found in Susa
This phrase highlights the urgency and communal nature of the crisis facing the Jewish people. Susa, the capital of the Persian Empire, was a significant city where many Jews lived in exile. The call to assemble indicates a collective action, emphasizing unity and solidarity among the Jewish community. This gathering for a common purpose reflects the biblical principle of corporate prayer and fasting seen in other scriptures, such as Joel 2:15-16, where the people are called to gather for a sacred assembly.

and fast for me
Fasting in the Bible is often associated with seeking God's favor or intervention in dire situations. Esther's request for fasting underscores the seriousness of the situation and the need for divine intervention. Fasting is a spiritual discipline that involves humility and repentance, as seen in other biblical accounts like Nehemiah 1:4 and Daniel 9:3. It is a way to express dependence on God and seek His guidance and protection.

Do not eat or drink for three days, night or day
The specific duration of three days and nights for fasting is significant, as it represents a complete period of time dedicated to seeking God's help. This mirrors other biblical instances where three days are pivotal, such as Jonah in the belly of the fish (Jonah 1:17) and Jesus' resurrection after three days (Matthew 12:40). The total abstinence from food and drink indicates the severity of the situation and the depth of commitment required.

and I and my maidens will fast as you do
Esther's participation in the fast, along with her maidens, demonstrates her leadership and solidarity with her people. It shows her willingness to humble herself and seek God's favor alongside the Jewish community. This act of unity and shared purpose is reminiscent of other biblical leaders who led by example, such as Moses and Nehemiah.

After that, I will go to the king, even though it is against the law
Esther's decision to approach the king without being summoned is a courageous act that risks her life. The Persian law prohibited anyone from approaching the king unsummoned, under penalty of death, unless the king extended his golden scepter (Esther 4:11). This act of bravery is a pivotal moment in the narrative, highlighting themes of faith, courage, and divine providence. It parallels the boldness of other biblical figures who acted in faith despite personal risk, such as Daniel in the lion's den (Daniel 6).

And if I perish, I perish!
This statement reflects Esther's resolve and willingness to sacrifice her life for the sake of her people. It is an expression of faith and submission to God's will, regardless of the outcome. This echoes the sentiments of other biblical figures who faced potential martyrdom, such as Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who trusted God even if He did not deliver them from the fiery furnace (Daniel 3:17-18). Esther's words foreshadow the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who willingly laid down His life for the salvation of others (John 10:17-18).

So Mordecai went
Mordecai's actions demonstrate obedience and faithfulness. As a Jew living in exile in Persia, Mordecai's role is significant in the narrative of Esther. His willingness to act upon Esther's instructions highlights his trust in God's providence and the importance of communal responsibility. Mordecai's journey can be seen as a parallel to the journeys of faith undertaken by other biblical figures, such as Abraham and Moses, who also acted in obedience to God's call.

and did all
This phrase underscores the completeness of Mordecai's obedience. In the context of the Jewish faith, obedience to God's will is paramount, and Mordecai's actions reflect a wholehearted commitment to the task at hand. This mirrors the biblical principle found in Deuteronomy 6:5, which calls for loving God with all one's heart, soul, and strength, indicating that true obedience involves total dedication.

that Esther had instructed him.
Esther's role as a leader is emphasized here. Despite the patriarchal society of ancient Persia, Esther's influence and wisdom are acknowledged and respected by Mordecai. This reflects the biblical theme of God using unexpected individuals, including women, to fulfill His purposes, as seen with figures like Deborah in Judges 4-5. Esther's instructions to Mordecai also foreshadow the intercessory role of Christ, who instructs and guides His followers in the New Testament. Esther's courage and strategic thinking are pivotal in the deliverance of the Jewish people, illustrating the power of faith and action combined.