Exodus 30:20
Whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister by presenting an offering made by fire to the LORD, they must wash with water so that they will not die.
Whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting

The Tent of Meeting was the sanctuary where the LORD manifested His presence among Israel and where the priests carried out their appointed service. Aaron and his sons were required to wash at the bronze basin before entering, for no one could draw near to the holy God casually or in uncleanness. The basin stood between the altar and the entrance to the tent, continually reminding the priests that cleansing was necessary for fellowship and service.

Exo 28:43 Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter…
Lev 10:9 You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink…

or approach the altar to minister

The altar was the place of sacrifice, atonement, and worship. Priestly ministry involved handling what was holy on behalf of the people, whether offering sacrifices or tending the altar. Clean hands and feet represented a consecrated life and conduct before the LORD, who required purity from those serving in His presence.

Lev 9:7 Then Moses said to Aaron, “Approach the altar…
Num 18:3-5 And they shall attend to all the duties of the Tent;…

by presenting a food offering to the LORD,

Offerings presented on the altar acknowledged the LORD’s rightful claim over Israel, His provision, and the need for atonement. The sacrifices pointed beyond themselves to Christ, whose single offering fully dealt with sin and opened the way to God. Believers now draw near through His blood, with hearts cleansed from an evil conscience (Hebrews 10:19–22).

Num 28:2 Command the Israelites and say to them: See that…
Lev 2:1-2 “When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD,…

they must wash with water

Water at the basin provided ceremonial cleansing for the priests’ hands and feet before their service. The repeated washing did not replace sacrifice, but accompanied it, showing that forgiveness and cleansing are both necessary in approaching God. Christ cleanses His people from sin and continues to sanctify them for holy service.

Exo 40:30-32 He placed the basin between the Tent of Meeting…
Lev 8:6 Then Moses presented Aaron and his sons.…

so that they will not die.

Failure to obey brought the penalty of death because the priests would be treating the holiness of God with contempt. The warning revealed both God’s justice and His gracious provision of a way for sinful people to approach Him. Through Jesus Christ, the perfect High Priest and final sacrifice, believers may now come before God with reverence and confidence.

Exo 28:35 Aaron must wear the robe whenever he ministers,…
Num 4:19-20 In order that they may live and not die when they come…

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Priests
The primary individuals involved in this verse are the priests, specifically Aaron and his sons, who were appointed to serve in the Tabernacle.

2. The Tent of Meeting
This was the sacred place where God met with Moses and the Israelites. It served as the central place of worship and sacrifice.

3. The Altar
The altar was a key component of the Tabernacle, used for offering sacrifices to God. It symbolized the place of atonement and worship.

4. The Act of Washing
This was a ceremonial act required for the priests before they performed their duties, symbolizing purification and holiness.

5. The Offerings
The offerings made by fire were a significant part of the worship practices, representing devotion and atonement for sin.
Teaching Points
The Necessity of Purity
Just as the priests needed to be ceremonially clean, believers today are called to pursue spiritual purity through confession and repentance.

Approaching God with Reverence
The requirement for washing underscores the holiness of God and the reverence required when approaching Him in worship and prayer.

Symbolism of Water
Water as a symbol of cleansing is prevalent throughout Scripture, reminding us of the need for spiritual renewal and the cleansing power of the Holy Spirit.

The Role of Obedience
The priests' obedience in following God's commands for purification is a model for believers to follow God's instructions faithfully.

Christ as Our High Priest
Jesus fulfills the role of the ultimate High Priest, providing the perfect purification through His sacrifice, allowing us direct access to God.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the requirement for the priests to wash before entering the Tent of Meeting reflect the holiness of God, and how can we apply this understanding to our own worship practices?

2. In what ways does the act of washing in Exodus 30:20 foreshadow the spiritual cleansing offered through Jesus Christ?

3. How can the concept of purification in the Old Testament enhance our understanding of the sacrificial system and its fulfillment in the New Testament?

4. What are some practical ways we can ensure we are spiritually "washed" and prepared to serve and worship God in our daily lives?

5. How does the reverence and obedience required of the priests in their service to God challenge us in our own walk of faith and service to others?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 16
This chapter details the Day of Atonement, where similar purification rituals are emphasized, highlighting the importance of holiness in approaching God.

John 13
Jesus washes the disciples' feet, symbolizing spiritual cleansing and service, drawing a parallel to the purification required of the priests.

Hebrews 10
Discusses the new covenant and the ultimate purification through Christ, contrasting the repeated rituals of the Old Testament with the once-for-all sacrifice of Jesus.
The Golden Altar and the PerfumeJ. Orr Exodus 30:1-11, 34-38
The LaverG. Rodgers.Exodus 30:17-21
The LaverR. Newton, D. D.Exodus 30:17-21
The True WashingJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 30:17-21
The Laver and the Anointing OilJ. Orr Exodus 30:17-34
People
Aaron, Israelites, Moses
Places
Mount Sinai
Topics
Altar, Approach, Burn, Cause, Congregation, Death, Die, Drawing, Enter, Fire, Fire-offering, Lest, Meeting, Minister, Nigh, Offering, Perfume, Presenting, Sacrifice, Serve, Smoke, Tabernacle, Tent, Wash, Washed, Whenever
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 30:17-21

     4293   water
     7478   washing

Exodus 30:18-20

     7328   ceremonies

Exodus 30:18-21

     7342   cleanliness

Exodus 30:19-20

     7906   baptism, in Gospels

Exodus 30:19-21

     5151   feet

Library
The Altar of Incense
'Thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon.' --EXODUS xxx. 1. Ceremonies are embodied thoughts. Religious ceremonies are moulded by, and seek to express, the worshipper's conception of his God, and his own relation to Him; his aspirations and his need. Of late years scholars have been busy studying the religions of the more backward races, and explaining rude and repulsive rites by pointing to the often profound and sometimes beautiful ideas underlying them. When that process is applied to Australian
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Ransom for Souls --I.
Then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul.' --EXODUS xxx. 12. This remarkable provision had a religious intention. Connect it with the tax-money which Peter found in the fish's mouth. I. Its meaning. Try to realise an Israelite's thoughts at the census. 'I am enrolled among the people and army of God: am I worthy? What am I, to serve so holy a God?' The payment was meant-- (a) To excite the sense of sin. This should be present in all approach to God, in all service; accompanying the
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Ransom for Souls --ii.
'The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel....'--EXODUS xxx. 15. This tax was exacted on numbering the people. It was a very small amount, about fifteen pence, so it was clearly symbolical in its significance. Notice-- I. The broad principle of equality of all souls in the sight of God. Contrast the reign of caste and class in heathendom with the democracy of Judaism and of Christianity. II. The universal sinfulness. Payment of the tax was a confession that
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

"Whereby we Cry, Abba, Father. "
Rom. viii. 15.--"Whereby we cry, Abba, Father." As there is a light of grace in bestowing such incomparably high dignities and excellent gifts on poor sinners, such as, to make them the sons of God who were the children of the devil, and heirs of a kingdom who were heirs of wrath; so there is a depth of wisdom in the Lord's allowance and manner of dispensing his love and grace in this life. For though the love be wonderful, that we should be called the sons of God; yet, as that apostle speaks,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Jesus Pays the Tribute Money.
(Capernaum, Autumn, a.d. 29) ^A Matt. XVII. 24-27. ^a 24 And when they were come to Capernaum, they that received the half-shekel came to Peter, and said, Doth not your teacher pay the half-shekel? [The law of Moses required from every male of twenty years and upward the payment of a tax of half a shekel for the support of the temple (Ex. xxx. 12-16; II. Chron. xxiv. 5, 6). This tax was collected annually. We are told that a dispute existed between the Pharisees and Sadducees as to whether the payment
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

How a Private Man must Begin the Morning with Piety.
As soon as ever thou awakest in the morning, keep the door of thy heart fast shut, that no earthly thought may enter, before that God come in first; and let him, before all others, have the first place there. So all evil thoughts either will not dare to come in, or shall the easier be kept out; and the heart will more savour of piety and godliness all the day after; but if thy heart be not, at thy first waking, filled with some meditations of God and his word, and dressed, like the lamp in the tabernacle
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Copies of Things in the Heavens
'And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, 2. On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. 3. And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover the ark with the vail. 4. And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof. 5. And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the ark of the testimony, and put
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Jesus Attends the First Passover of his Ministry.
(Jerusalem, April 9, a.d. 27.) Subdivision A. Jesus Cleanses the Temple. ^D John II. 13-25. ^d 13 And the passover of the Jews was at hand [We get our information as to the length of our Lord's ministry from John's Gospel. He groups his narrative around six Jewish festivals: 1, He here mentions the first passover; 2, another feast, which we take to have been also a passover (v. 1); 3, another passover (vi. 4); 4, the feast of tabernacles (vii. 2); 5, dedication (x. 22); 6, passover (xi. 55). This
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Annunciation to Zacharias of the Birth of John the Baptist.
(at Jerusalem. Probably b.c. 6.) ^C Luke I. 5-25. ^c 5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judæa [a Jewish proselyte, an Idumæan or Edomite by birth, founder of the Herodian family, king of Judæa from b.c. 40 to a.d. 4, made such by the Roman Senate on the recommendation of Mark Antony and Octavius Cæsar], a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course [David divided the priests into twenty-four bodies or courses, each course serving in rotation one week in the temple
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Last Events in Galilee - the Tribute-Money, the Dispute by the Way, the Forbidding of Him who could not Follow with the Disciples, and The
Now that the Lord's retreat in the utmost borders of the land, at Cæsarea Philippi, was known to the Scribes, and that He was again surrounded and followed by the multitude, there could be no further object in His retirement. Indeed, the time was coming that He should meet that for which He had been, and was still, preparing the minds of His disciples - His Decease at Jerusalem. Accordingly, we find Him once more with His disciples in Galilee - not to abide there, [3743] nor to traverse it
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Epistle xxviii. To Augustine, Bishop of the Angli .
To Augustine, Bishop of the Angli [136] . Gregory to Augustine, &c. Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will (Luke ii. 14); because a grain of wheat, falling into the earth, has died, that it might not reign in heaven alone; even He by whose death we live, by whose weakness we are made strong, by whose suffering we are rescued from suffering, through whose love we seek in Britain for brethren whom we knew not, by whose gift we find those whom without knowing them we sought.
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Prayer
But I give myself unto prayer.' Psa 109: 4. I shall not here expatiate upon prayer, as it will be considered more fully in the Lord's prayer. It is one thing to pray, and another thing to be given to prayer: he who prays frequently, is said to be given to prayer; as he who often distributes alms, is said to be given to charity. Prayer is a glorious ordinance, it is the soul's trading with heaven. God comes down to us by his Spirit, and we go up to him by prayer. What is prayer? It is an offering
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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