Jump to: Topical • ISBE • Webster's • Concordance • Thesaurus • Greek • Hebrew • Library • Subtopics • Terms Topical Encyclopedia Perfume in the Bible is a significant element, often associated with worship, personal adornment, and burial practices. The use of aromatic substances is deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of ancient Israel and surrounding nations.Biblical References and Uses 1. Worship and Sacrificial Offerings: Perfume played a crucial role in the worship practices of the Israelites. The Lord commanded Moses to make a sacred anointing oil and a fragrant incense for the Tabernacle. In Exodus 30:34-38, God provides specific instructions for the composition of incense, which was to be used exclusively for worship: "Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Take fragrant spices—gum resin, onycha, and galbanum—and pure frankincense, all in equal measures, and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy.'" This sacred mixture was a symbol of the prayers of the people ascending to God. 2. Personal Adornment: Perfume was also used for personal beautification and pleasure. In the Song of Solomon, the use of perfume is a recurring theme, symbolizing love and attraction. Song of Solomon 1:3 states, "The fragrance of your perfume is pleasing; your name is like perfume poured out. No wonder the maidens love you." This highlights the cultural appreciation for fragrance as an enhancement of personal allure and romantic expression. 3. Burial Practices: Perfume and spices were commonly used in burial customs to honor the deceased and mitigate the odor of decay. In the New Testament, the women who followed Jesus prepared spices and perfumes for His body after the crucifixion. Luke 23:56 notes, "Then they returned to prepare spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment." This act of devotion underscores the respect and care given to the dead, reflecting the belief in the sanctity of the body. 4. Symbol of Wealth and Status: Perfume was often a luxury item, signifying wealth and status. In the account of the Queen of Sheba's visit to King Solomon, she brought "a great quantity of spices, gold, and precious stones" (1 Kings 10:2). The lavish gift of spices, including perfumes, was a demonstration of her wealth and the esteem in which she held Solomon. 5. Spiritual Symbolism: Perfume is also used metaphorically in Scripture to represent the spread of knowledge and the presence of God. In 2 Corinthians 2:14-15, Paul writes, "But thanks be to God, who always leads us triumphantly as captives in Christ and through us spreads everywhere the fragrance of the knowledge of Him. For we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing." Here, the fragrance symbolizes the influence and impact of the Gospel. Cultural and Historical Context In ancient times, the art of perfumery was highly developed in the Near East. Perfumes were made from a variety of natural ingredients, including myrrh, frankincense, aloes, and other aromatic plants. These substances were often imported from distant lands, making them valuable commodities. The process of making perfume involved extracting oils from plants and blending them with other ingredients to create a desired scent. Skilled perfumers, or apothecaries, were responsible for crafting these fragrances, which were used in both religious and secular contexts. Conclusion Perfume in the Bible is multifaceted, serving as a symbol of worship, love, honor, and divine presence. Its use in various aspects of life reflects the cultural and spiritual values of the biblical world, offering insight into the practices and beliefs of ancient peoples. Topical Bible Verses Exodus 30:25-30And you shall make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the are of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil. Topicalbible.org Ecclesiastes 7:1 John 12:3 Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary 1. (v. t.) To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.2. (n.) The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma. 3. (n.) A substance that emits an agreeable odor. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia PERFUME; PERFUMERpur'-ium, per-fum' (qeToreth qaTar literally, "incense"): The ancients were fond of sweet perfumes of all kinds (Proverbs 27:9), and that characteristic is still especially true of the people of Bible lands. Perfumed oils were rubbed on the body and feet. At a feast in ancient Egypt a guest was anointed with scented oils, and a sweet-smelling water lily was placed in his hand or suspended on his forehead. In their religious worship the Egyptians were lavish with their incense. Small pellets of dried mixed spices and resins or resinous woods were burned in special censers. In the preparation of bodies for burial, perfumed oils and spices were used. Many Biblical references indicate the widespread use of perfumes. Songs 7:8 suggests that the breath was purposely scented; clothing as well as the body was perfumed (Psalm 45:8 Songs 3:6; Songs 4:11); couches and beds were sprinkled with savory scents (Proverbs 7:17); ointments were used in the last rites in honor of the dead (2 Chronicles 16:14 Luke 24:1 John 19:39). The writer has in his collection a lump of prepared spices and resins taken from a tomb dating from the lst or 2nd century A.D., which was apparently fused and run into the thoracic cavity, since an impression of the ribs has been made on the perfume. Its odor is similar to that of the incense used today, and it perfumes the whole case where it is kept. The above collection also contains a small glass vial in which is a bronze spoon firmly held in some solidified ointment, probably formerly perfumed oil. Perfumes were commonly kept in sealed alabaster jars or cruses (Luke 7:38). Thousands of these cruses have been unearthed in Palestine and Syria. Greek 3487. nardos -- nard, ointment of nard ... of nard. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: nardos Phonetic Spelling: (nar'dos) Short Definition: spikenard, a perfume Definition: spikenard, a ... //strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3487.htm - 6k 759. aroma -- a spice 218. aleipho -- anoint. 211. alabastron -- a box of alabaster 4666. smurna -- myrrh (used as an ointment and for embalming) 3464. muron -- ointment Strong's Hebrew 7545. roqach -- spice mixture, perfume... 7544, 7545. roqach. 7546 . spice mixture, perfume. Transliteration: roqach Phonetic Spelling: (ro'-kakh) Short Definition: perfume. ... /hebrew/7545.htm - 6k 1315. Basemath -- "perfume," a wife of Esau (or perhaps two wives ... 4840. merqach -- spice, perfume 7004. qetoreth -- smoke, odor of (burning) sacrifice, incense 5130. nuph -- to move to and fro, wave, sprinkle 7547. riqquach -- perfumery 7002. qitter -- incense 7381a. riach -- to smell, perceive odor 5315. nephesh -- a soul, living being, life, self, person, desire ... 1314. bosem -- spice, balsam, the balsam tree Library Prayer and Sacrifice Explained by the Similitude of a Perfume ... Christ's Kingdom among the Gentiles. 1 Jesus Shall Reign Where'er ... Fragrant Graces And after That, Jesus Knew that all Things were Finished... Jesus Praises a Woman who Gave Her Best Jesus Makes Even Wrong-Doers his Friends Last Week of Jesus. The Precious Ointment. The Blessing of Mercy, My Dream Message Thesaurus Perfume (202 Occurrences)... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (vt) To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent. ... Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. PERFUME; PERFUMER. ... /p/perfume.htm - 38k Perfume-maker (3 Occurrences) Spice-perfume (5 Occurrences) Perfume-boxes (1 Occurrence) Perfume-altar (1 Occurrence) Perfume-makers (1 Occurrence) Perfume-vessel (1 Occurrence) Perfume-making Fire-offering (45 Occurrences) Perfumer (4 Occurrences) Resources Should a Christian wear perfume / cologne? | GotQuestions.orgWhat is an alabaster box? | GotQuestions.org What is spikenard in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org Perfume: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus Concordance Perfume (202 Occurrences)Matthew 2:11 Matthew 6:17 Matthew 26:7 Matthew 26:9 Matthew 26:12 Mark 14:3 Mark 14:4 Mark 14:5 Mark 14:8 Luke 1:9 Luke 1:10 Luke 1:11 Luke 7:37 Luke 7:38 Luke 7:46 John 11:2 John 12:3 John 12:5 John 12:7 2 Corinthians 2:15 2 Corinthians 2:16 Ephesians 5:2 Philippians 4:18 Revelation 8:3 Revelation 8:4 Revelation 18:13 Exodus 25:6 Exodus 29:13 Exodus 29:18 Exodus 29:25 Exodus 30:1 Exodus 30:7 Exodus 30:8 Exodus 30:9 Exodus 30:20 Exodus 30:25 Exodus 30:27 Exodus 30:33 Exodus 30:35 Exodus 30:37 Exodus 30:38 Exodus 31:8 Exodus 31:11 Exodus 35:8 Exodus 35:15 Exodus 35:28 Exodus 37:29 Exodus 39:38 Exodus 40:5 Exodus 40:27 Leviticus 1:9 Leviticus 1:15 Leviticus 1:17 Leviticus 2:1 Leviticus 2:2 Leviticus 2:9 Leviticus 2:11 Leviticus 2:15 Leviticus 2:16 Leviticus 3:5 Leviticus 3:11 Leviticus 3:16 Leviticus 4:7 Leviticus 4:10 Leviticus 4:19 Leviticus 4:26 Leviticus 4:31 Leviticus 4:35 Leviticus 5:11 Leviticus 5:12 Leviticus 6:12 Leviticus 6:15 Leviticus 7:5 Leviticus 7:31 Leviticus 8:16 Leviticus 8:20 Leviticus 8:21 Leviticus 8:28 Leviticus 9:10 Leviticus 9:13 Leviticus 9:14 Leviticus 9:17 Leviticus 9:20 Leviticus 10:1 Leviticus 16:12 Leviticus 16:13 Leviticus 16:25 Leviticus 17:6 Leviticus 26:30 Numbers 5:15 Numbers 5:26 Numbers 7:14 Numbers 7:20 Numbers 7:26 Numbers 7:32 Numbers 7:38 Numbers 7:44 Numbers 7:50 Numbers 7:56 Numbers 7:62 Subtopics Perfume used in the Tabernacle Perfume: Beds Perfumed With Myrrh Perfume: General Scriptures Concerning Perfume: Smelling Bottles, Translated "Tablets" in Av Related Terms Fire-offering (45 Occurrences) |