Jeremiah 49:23

Concerning Damascus: "Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard a bad report; they are agitated like the sea; their anxiety cannot be calmed.

Study Bible

Concerning Damascus
This phrase introduces a prophecy specifically directed towards Damascus, the capital of Syria. Historically, Damascus was a significant city in the ancient Near East, known for its strategic location and wealth. The Hebrew root for "Damascus" is "דַּמֶּשֶׂק" (Dammeseq), which has been a center of trade and culture for millennia. In the biblical context, Damascus often represents the broader Aramean kingdom, which had frequent interactions, both hostile and peaceful, with Israel. This introduction sets the stage for a divine message concerning the fate of this influential city.

Hamath and Arpad are put to shame
Hamath and Arpad were prominent cities in ancient Syria, north of Damascus. The Hebrew words "חֲמָת" (Hamath) and "אַרְפַּד" (Arpad) indicate cities that were once powerful and proud. To be "put to shame" suggests a loss of status and power, often due to military defeat or divine judgment. Historically, these cities were known for their resistance against Assyrian expansion, but ultimately, they fell. This phrase implies that their downfall serves as a warning or precursor to the fate awaiting Damascus.

for they have heard bad news
The "bad news" refers to impending disaster or invasion, likely from a powerful enemy. In the ancient world, news of approaching armies or divine judgment would spread quickly, causing fear and panic. The Hebrew root "שָׁמַע" (shama) for "heard" emphasizes the impact of hearing such news, which often led to demoralization and despair. This phrase highlights the psychological aspect of warfare and divine prophecy, where the mere announcement of doom can have profound effects.

They are disheartened
The emotional response of being "disheartened" reflects a loss of courage and hope. The Hebrew word "נָפַל" (naphal) can mean to fall or to be cast down, indicating a deep sense of defeat and helplessness. In the context of prophecy, this reaction underscores the power of God's word to affect not just physical circumstances but also the hearts and minds of people. It serves as a reminder of the sovereignty of God over nations and their destinies.

There is anxiety by the sea
The "sea" likely refers to the Mediterranean, which was crucial for trade and communication. Anxiety "by the sea" suggests a disruption of commerce and the threat of invasion from maritime powers. The Hebrew word "יָם" (yam) for "sea" often symbolizes chaos and danger in biblical literature. This phrase paints a picture of widespread fear and uncertainty, as the stability and prosperity associated with the sea are threatened.

It cannot be calmed
The inability to "calm" the anxiety indicates a situation beyond human control, requiring divine intervention. The Hebrew root "שָׁקַט" (shaqat) means to be quiet or at rest, suggesting that the turmoil is persistent and overwhelming. This phrase emphasizes the severity of the judgment pronounced on Damascus, as well as the futility of relying on human efforts to restore peace. It serves as a call to recognize the ultimate authority of God in the affairs of nations and individuals.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Damascus
The capital of Syria, a significant city in biblical times known for its wealth and influence. It often symbolizes worldly power and opposition to God's people.

2. Hamath
A city located in the upper Orontes Valley, north of Damascus. It was a significant center in ancient Syria and often mentioned in the context of judgment against nations.

3. Arpad
A city near Hamath, frequently associated with it in the Bible. It was a fortified city and part of the Aramean kingdom.

4. Bad News
The message of impending judgment and destruction that causes fear and dismay among the cities.

5. Restless Sea
A metaphor for turmoil and instability, reflecting the emotional and societal upheaval caused by the news of judgment.

Teaching Points

The Certainty of God's Judgment
God's pronouncements against nations like Damascus remind us of His sovereignty and justice. No power or city is beyond His reach.

The Impact of Sin and Rebellion
The dismay of Hamath and Arpad serves as a warning about the consequences of turning away from God. Sin leads to instability and fear.

The Call to Repentance
The "bad news" heard by these cities is a call to repentance. We are reminded to examine our lives and turn back to God before facing judgment.

Finding Peace in God Amidst Turmoil
The metaphor of the "restless sea" encourages believers to seek peace in God, who remains unshaken by the chaos of the world.

The Role of Prophecy in Scripture
Prophecies like those in Jeremiah serve to affirm God's control over history and His plan for redemption through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the prophecy against Damascus in Jeremiah 49:23 reflect God's justice and sovereignty?

2. In what ways can the fear and dismay of Hamath and Arpad serve as a warning for us today?

3. How do the prophecies against nations in the Old Testament relate to the New Testament teachings on repentance and salvation?

4. What are some areas in your life where you feel like a "restless sea," and how can you find peace in God?

5. How can understanding the historical and cultural context of cities like Damascus, Hamath, and Arpad enhance our interpretation of biblical prophecies?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Isaiah 17
This chapter also prophesies the downfall of Damascus, highlighting the theme of judgment against nations that oppose God.

Amos 1:3-5
Amos prophesies against Damascus, emphasizing God's justice and the consequences of transgressions.

Psalm 46:1-3
While not directly related to judgment, this passage contrasts the turmoil of nations with the stability found in God, offering hope amidst chaos.