Judges 18:18
When they entered Micah's house and took the graven image, the ephod, the household idols, and the molten idol, the priest said to them, "What are you doing?"
When they entered Micah’s house
This phrase sets the scene in the hill country of Ephraim, where Micah's house is located. The tribe of Dan is seeking a new territory, and they have come to Micah's house, which is significant because it contains a private shrine. This reflects the period of the Judges, characterized by a lack of centralized worship and the phrase "everyone did what was right in his own eyes" (Judges 17:6).

and took the graven image,
The graven image refers to an idol that Micah had made, violating the commandment against idolatry (Exodus 20:4). This act of taking the image highlights the spiritual decline in Israel, where even the Levites, who were supposed to lead in worship, were complicit in idolatry.

the ephod,
The ephod was a priestly garment, but in this context, it likely refers to an object used for divination. This misuse of religious items underscores the syncretism and corruption of true worship during this time. The ephod's presence in a private home rather than the tabernacle indicates a departure from established worship practices.

the household idols,
Household idols, or teraphim, were small figurines used for worship and divination. Their presence in Micah's house suggests a blending of Canaanite religious practices with Israelite worship, which was strictly forbidden (Deuteronomy 18:9-14).

and the molten idol,
The molten idol, made of metal, further emphasizes the idolatrous practices that had infiltrated Israelite society. This reflects the influence of surrounding pagan cultures and the Israelites' failure to fully obey God's commands to drive out the inhabitants of the land (Judges 1:27-36).

the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”
The priest, a Levite hired by Micah, questions the Danites' actions. His presence in Micah's house instead of serving at the tabernacle shows the disarray in the priestly order. His question reveals a moment of conflict, as he is torn between his loyalty to Micah and the opportunity to serve a larger group, reflecting the personal ambition and lack of spiritual integrity prevalent among the leaders of that time.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Micah
An Ephraimite who created a shrine with idols and hired a Levite to be his personal priest.

2. The Danites
Members of the tribe of Dan seeking a new territory for themselves, as they had not yet secured their inheritance.

3. The Levite Priest
A young Levite who was hired by Micah to serve as a priest in his household.

4. Micah’s House
The location where Micah set up his shrine with the carved image, ephod, and household idols.

5. The Carved Image and Idols
Objects of worship that were contrary to the commandments given to Israel, representing idolatry.
Teaching Points
The Danger of Idolatry
Idolatry is a recurring sin in Israel's history, and it begins with small compromises. Believers must guard their hearts against modern forms of idolatry, such as materialism or placing anything above God.

The Importance of True Worship
Worship must be directed to God alone, in spirit and truth. The actions of Micah and the Danites show a misunderstanding of true worship, which should be a warning to us.

The Role of Spiritual Leadership
The Levite’s willingness to serve in a compromised situation highlights the need for spiritual leaders to stand firm in truth and not be swayed by personal gain.

Consequences of Disobedience
The events in Judges 18 demonstrate that disobedience to God’s commands leads to chaos and spiritual decline. Obedience to God’s Word is essential for a life that honors Him.

Community Influence
The Danites’ actions show how a community can influence individuals to stray from God’s commands. Believers should seek to be a positive influence in their communities, encouraging faithfulness to God.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does the account of Micah and the Danites teach us about the subtlety and danger of idolatry in our own lives?

2. How can we ensure that our worship remains true and focused on God alone, avoiding the pitfalls seen in Judges 18?

3. In what ways can spiritual leaders today learn from the mistakes of the Levite priest in this passage?

4. How do the actions of the Danites reflect the broader theme of disobedience and its consequences found throughout the book of Judges?

5. What steps can we take to be a positive influence in our communities, encouraging others to remain faithful to God’s commands?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:4-5
This passage provides the commandment against making and worshiping idols, which is directly violated in Judges 18:18.

1 Samuel 15:23
This verse equates rebellion and idolatry, highlighting the spiritual rebellion of the Danites and Micah.

2 Kings 17:10-12
Describes the idolatry of Israel and its consequences, similar to the events in Judges 18.

Romans 1:22-23
Discusses the folly of exchanging the glory of God for images, paralleling the actions of Micah and the Danites.

1 Corinthians 10:14
Paul’s exhortation to flee from idolatry, which is relevant to the situation in Judges 18.
Counsel of GodJ. Burns, D. D.Judges 18:1-31
Indifference to ReligionC. P. Longland.Judges 18:1-31
Micah the EphraimiteW. R. Hutton, M. A.Judges 18:1-31
Practical Attention to ReligionHomiletic MagazineJudges 18:1-31
Report from the Promised LandW. T. Sabine.Judges 18:1-31
The Beyond in ReligionChristian World PulpitJudges 18:1-31
The Image-Worship Expanding into Tribal IdolatryJ. P. Millar.Judges 18:1-31
The Indian ProblemS. S Allnutt, M. A.Judges 18:1-31
The Loss of GodsHomilistJudges 18:1-31
The Stable and the Unstable in ReligionA. R. Merriam.Judges 18:1-31
The Stolen GodsR. A. Watson, M. A.Judges 18:1-31
Its Transfer and Establishment in a Lawless CommunityA.F. Muir Judges 18:14-31
People
Aram, Dan, Danites, Gershom, Jonathan, Laish, Manasseh, Micah, Rehob, Sidonians, Zidon
Places
Bethlehem, Beth-rehob, Dan, Eshtaol, Kiriath-jearim, Laish, Mahaneh-dan, Shiloh, Sidon, Zorah
Topics
Carved, Cast, Engraved, Entered, Ephod, Family, Fetched, Gods, Graven, Household, Idol, Idols, Image, Metal, Micah, Micah's, Molten, Pictured, Priest, Teraphim, Yea
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Judges 18:18

     7384   household gods

Judges 18:1-31

     7266   tribes of Israel

Judges 18:11-31

     5211   art

Judges 18:17-20

     7352   ephod

Library
The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Pamias. Paneas, the Spring of Jordan.
The maps assign a double spring of Jordan; but by what right it scarce appears; much less does it appear by what right they should call this Jor,--and that Dan. There is indeed mention in Josephus of little Jordan and great Jordan. Hence, as it seems, was the first original of the double spring in the maps, and of a double river at those first springs. For thus Josephus; "There are fountains (in Daphne) which send little Jordan, as it is called, into the great." He treats, in the text cited, of the
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
THE ISRAELITES IN THE LAND OF CANAAN: THE JUDGES--THE PHILISTINES AND THE HEBREW KINGDOM--SAUL, DAVID, SOLOMON, THE DEFECTION OF THE TEN TRIBES--THE XXIst EGYPTIAN DYNASTY--SHESHONQ OR SHISHAK DAMASCUS. The Hebrews in the desert: their families, clans, and tribes--The Amorites and the Hebrews on the left bank of the Jordan--The conquest of Canaan and the native reaction against the Hebrews--The judges, Ehud, Deborah, Jerubbaal or Gideon and the Manassite supremacy; Abimelech, Jephihdh. The Philistines,
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 6

The Heavenly Footman; Or, a Description of the Man that Gets to Heaven:
TOGETHER WITH THE WAY HE RUNS IN, THE MARKS HE GOES BY; ALSO, SOME DIRECTIONS HOW TO RUN SO AS TO OBTAIN. 'And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain: escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.'--Genesis 19:17. London: Printed for John Marshall, at the Bible in Gracechurch Street, 1698. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. About forty years ago a gentleman, in whose company I had commenced my
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Judges
For the understanding of the early history and religion of Israel, the book of Judges, which covers the period from the death of Joshua to the beginning of the struggle with the Philistines, is of inestimable importance; and it is very fortunate that the elements contributed by the later editors are so easily separated from the ancient stories whose moral they seek to point. That moral is most elaborately stated in ii. 6-iii. 6, which is a sort of programme or preface to iii. 7-xvi. 31, which constitutes
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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