Judges 3:3
the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
the five rulers of the Philistines,

The Philistine pentapolis—Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath—controlled key coastal routes and posed a persistent military threat to Israel. Their strength became prominent in the days of Samson, Saul, and David, showing the cost of Israel’s failure to drive out the nations as commanded.

Jos 13:3 from the Shihor east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron…
1Sa 6:4 “What guilt offering should we send back to Him?”…
1Sa 6:16 And when the five rulers of the Philistines saw this…

all the Canaanites,

The Canaanites represented the peoples remaining throughout the land God had given Israel. Their idolatry, immorality, and sacrificial practices stood under God’s judgment, yet Israel’s incomplete obedience left continual opportunities for compromise with their religion and ways of life.

Deu 7:1-2 When the LORD your God brings you into the land…
Exo 23:23 For My angel will go before you, and bring you into the land…
Jos 24:11-12 After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho.…

the Sidonians,

The Sidonians belonged to the powerful Phoenician culture centered in Sidon along the northern coast. Their commerce spread their religious influence widely, including the worship of Baal and Ashtoreth. Centuries later, Jezebel of Sidon would lead Ahab and much of Israel toward Baal worship.

Jos 13:6 All the inhabitants of the hill country…
1Ki 11:1 King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women…
1Ki 11:5 Solomon followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians…

and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon

The Hivites occupied parts of the northern highlands near Lebanon, a region marked by cedar forests, mountain passes, and strategic approaches into the land. Israel’s failure to remove such peoples allowed pagan influence to remain near the borders God had appointed for His people.

Jos 11:3 to the Canaanites in the east and west;…
2Sa 24:7 They went toward the fortress of Tyre…
1Ki 9:20 As for all the people who remained of the Amorites…

from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.

These locations describe the far northern extent of the remaining nations, from the region of Mount Hermon to the entrance of Hamath. The name Baal-hermon reflects the pervasive presence of Canaanite worship even in the high places of the land. Israel’s unfinished conquest became the setting in which each generation was tested concerning loyalty to the Lord.

Jos 13:5 the land of the Gebalites; and all Lebanon to the east,…
1Ch 5:23 Now the people of the half-tribe of Manasseh…
1Ki 8:65 So at that time Solomon and all Israel with him…

Persons / Places / Events
1. The LORD
The sovereign God of Israel, who allowed certain nations to remain in Canaan to test the Israelites.

2. The Israelites
The descendants of Jacob, God's chosen people, who were to inherit the Promised Land.

3. Canaan
The land promised to the Israelites, which they were to conquer and inhabit.

4. Nations Left in Canaan
These included the Philistines, Canaanites, Sidonians, and Hivites, among others, left to test Israel's faithfulness.

5. Testing
The process by which God assessed the Israelites' obedience and reliance on Him.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Testing
God uses circumstances and challenges to test and strengthen our faith.

Recognize that trials can be opportunities for spiritual growth and reliance on God.

The Importance of Obedience
Israel's failure to fully obey God's commands led to ongoing struggles.

Obedience to God's Word is crucial for spiritual victory and blessing.

Learning from History
The history of Israel serves as a warning and lesson for believers today.

Reflect on past failures and successes to guide current and future actions.

The Danger of Compromise
Allowing sin or ungodly influences to remain can lead to spiritual downfall.

Be vigilant in removing anything that hinders your relationship with God.

Faithfulness in a Hostile Environment
Like Israel, believers are called to remain faithful amidst worldly challenges.

Trust in God's provision and guidance, even when surrounded by opposition.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does the presence of these nations in Canaan reveal about God's purpose in testing His people?

2. How can we apply the lessons from Israel's history of obedience and disobedience to our own lives?

3. In what ways does God test our faith today, and how should we respond to these tests?

4. How can we guard against the dangers of compromise in our spiritual walk?

5. What steps can we take to ensure that we remain faithful to God in a world that often opposes His ways?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 7
Discusses God's command to drive out the nations from Canaan and the reasons for doing so, emphasizing the need for Israel's purity and devotion.

Exodus 23
God promises to drive out the inhabitants of the land gradually, testing Israel's faith and obedience.

Judges 2
Provides context for why God left these nations, highlighting Israel's disobedience and the cycle of sin and deliverance.

1 Corinthians 10
Paul speaks of the Old Testament events as examples and warnings for believers, emphasizing the importance of learning from Israel's history.
The Proving of IsraelA.F. Muir Judges 3:1-4
It was God's Will, ThenL. H. Wiseman, M.A.Judges 3:1-5
Tests and ChastisementJ. P. Millar.Judges 3:1-5
The Trial and Chastisement of an Unfaithful PeopleJ. P. Millar.Judges 3:1-5
People
Amalek, Amalekites, Ammonites, Amorites, Anath, Aram, Canaanites, Chushanrishathaim, Chushan-rishathaim, Eglon, Ehud, Gera, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Israelites, Jebusites, Kenaz, Moabites, Othniel, Perizzites, Shamgar, Sidonians, Zidonians
Places
Canaan, Gilgal, Jordan River, Lebanon, Lebo-hamath, Mesopotamia, Moab, Mount Baal-hermon, Seirah
Topics
Baal, Baalhermon, Baal-hermon, Ba'al-her'mon, Canaanite, Canaanites, Chiefs, Dwelt, Entering, Entrance, Hamath, Hermon, Hivite, Hivites, Inhabiting, Lebanon, Lebo, Lebo-hamath, Lords, Mount, Mountain, Mountains, Namely, Nations, Philistines, Princes, Sidonians, Sido'nians, Zidonian, Zidonians
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Judges 3:3

     5509   rulers

Judges 3:1-3

     5208   armies

Judges 3:1-4

     5473   proof, through testing

Library
Use what You Have
Few people really are and do their best. Nature has blessed a few with great talents and abilities. These persons often become proud, self-centered, and feel themselves to be superior, and for that reason many times they fail to make the proper use of their abilities. How often are they used in a bad or foolish way, so that what might be a blessing to the world fails to be such! There are many others who realize they do not possess these natural gifts. They look upon those who have them, and envy
Charles Wesley Naylor—Heart Talks

Gifts and Talents.
"And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him."--Judges iii. 10. We now consider the Holy Spirit's work in bestowing gifts, talents, and abilities upon artisans and professional men. Scripture declares that the special animation and qualification of persons for work assigned to them by God proceed from the Holy Spirit. The construction of the tabernacle required capable workmen, skilful carpenters, goldsmiths, and silversmiths, and masters in the arts of weaving and embroidering. Who will furnish Moses
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Whether Baptism Should Take Away the Penalties of Sin that Belong to this Life?
Objection 1: It seems that Baptism should take away the penalties of sin that belong to this life. For as the Apostle says (Rom. 5:15), the gift of Christ is farther-reaching than the sin of Adam. But through Adam's sin, as the Apostle says (Rom. 5:12), "death entered into this world," and, consequently, all the other penalties of the present life. Much more, therefore, should man be freed from the penalties of the present life, by the gift of Christ which is received in Baptism. Objection 2: Further,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

"This Then is the Message which we have Heard of Him, and Declare unto You, that God is Light,"
1 John i. 5.--"This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light," &c. The great design of the gospel is to make up the breach of man's joy, and open up the way to the fulness of it, and therefore it is the good news and glad tidings of great joy, the only best message that ever came to the world. Now it shows unto us the channel that this river of gladness and joy runs into, it discovers what is the way of the conveyance of it to the soul, and what are
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Whether the Old Law Enjoined Fitting Precepts Concerning Rulers?
Objection 1: It would seem that the Old Law made unfitting precepts concerning rulers. Because, as the Philosopher says (Polit. iii, 4), "the ordering of the people depends mostly on the chief ruler." But the Law contains no precept relating to the institution of the chief ruler; and yet we find therein prescriptions concerning the inferior rulers: firstly (Ex. 18:21): "Provide out of all the people wise [Vulg.: 'able'] men," etc.; again (Num. 11:16): "Gather unto Me seventy men of the ancients of
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

The Country of Jericho, and the Situation of the City.
Here we will borrow Josephus' pencil, "Jericho is seated in a plain, yet a certain barren mountain hangs over it, narrow, indeed, but long; for it runs out northward to the country of Scythopolis,--and southward, to the country of Sodom, and the utmost coast of the Asphaltites." Of this mountain mention is made, Joshua 2:22, where the two spies, sent by Joshua, and received by Rahab, are said to "conceal themselves." "Opposite against this, lies a mountain on the other side Jordan, beginning from
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Prophecy of Obadiah.
We need not enter into details regarding the question as to the time when the prophet wrote. By a thorough argumentation, Caspari has proved, that he occupies his right position in the Canon, and hence belongs to the earliest age of written prophecy, i.e., to the time of Jeroboam II. and Uzziah. As bearing conclusively against those who would assign to him a far later date, viz., the time of the exile, there is not only the indirect testimony borne by the place which this prophecy occupies in
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The Doctrine of Angels.
I. THEIR EXISTENCE. 1. THE TEACHING OF JESUS. 2. THE TEACHING OF THE APOSTLES. II. THEIR NATURE. 1. CREATED BEINGS. 2. SPIRITUAL BEINGS. 3. GREAT POWER AND MIGHT. 4. VARIOUS GRADES. 5. THE NUMBER OF ANGELS. III. THE FALL OF ANGELS. 1. TIME AND CAUSE. 2. THE WORK OF FALLEN ANGELS. 3. THE JUDGMENT OF FALLEN ANGELS. IV. THE WORK OF ANGELS. 1. THEIR HEAVENLY MINISTRY. 2. THEIR EARTHLY MINISTRY. a) In Relation to the Believer. b) In Relation to Christ's Second Coming. THE DOCTRINE OF ANGELS. We are not
Rev. William Evans—The Great Doctrines of the Bible

Judges
For the understanding of the early history and religion of Israel, the book of Judges, which covers the period from the death of Joshua to the beginning of the struggle with the Philistines, is of inestimable importance; and it is very fortunate that the elements contributed by the later editors are so easily separated from the ancient stories whose moral they seek to point. That moral is most elaborately stated in ii. 6-iii. 6, which is a sort of programme or preface to iii. 7-xvi. 31, which constitutes
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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