1 Kings 9:20
New International Version
There were still people left from the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites (these peoples were not Israelites).

New Living Translation
There were still some people living in the land who were not Israelites, including Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

English Standard Version
All the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the people of Israel—

Berean Standard Bible
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)—

King James Bible
And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel,

New King James Version
All the people who were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel—

New American Standard Bible
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel,

NASB 1995
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel,

NASB 1977
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel,

Legacy Standard Bible
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel,

Amplified Bible
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not of the sons (descendants) of Israel,

Christian Standard Bible
As for all the peoples who remained of the Amorites, Hethites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not Israelites—

Holman Christian Standard Bible
As for all the peoples who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not Israelites—

American Standard Version
As for all the people that were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel;

English Revised Version
As for all the people that were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites had been left [in the land] because the Israelites had not been able to claim them for God by destroying them. They were not Israelites,

International Standard Version
The people who survived from the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not related to the Israelis,

Majority Standard Bible
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)—

NET Bible
Now several non-Israelite peoples were left in the land after the conquest of Joshua, including the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

New Heart English Bible
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hethites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel;

Webster's Bible Translation
And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel,

World English Bible
As for all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel—
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
The whole of the people that is left of the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, who [are] not of the sons of Israel—

Young's Literal Translation
The whole of the people that is left of the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, who are not of the sons of Israel --

Smith's Literal Translation
All the people remaining of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, which were not of the sons of Israel;
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
All the people that were left of the Amorrhites, and Hethites, and Pherezites, and Hevites, and Jebusites, that are not of the children of Israel:

Catholic Public Domain Version
All the people who had remained of the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel,

New American Bible
All the people who were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, who were not Israelites—

New Revised Standard Version
All the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the people of Israel—
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And all the people who were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And all the people who were left of the Amorites and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Khivites and the Yebusites who were not of the children of Israel
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
All the people that were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel;so that none of the people should rule over him that was left of the Chettite and the Amorite, and the Pherezite, and the Chananite, and the Evite, and the Jebusite, and the Gergesite, who were not of the children of Israel, their descendants who had been left with him in the land, whom the children of Israel could not utterly destroy; and Solomon made them tributaries until this day.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Solomon's Numerous Achievements
19as well as all the store cities that Solomon had for his chariots and horses—whatever he desired to build in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout the land of his dominion. 20As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)— 21their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.…

Cross References
Joshua 9:21-27
They continued, “Let them live, but let them be woodcutters and water carriers for the whole congregation.” So the leaders kept their promise. / Then Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said, “Why did you deceive us by telling us you live far away from us, when in fact you live among us? / Now therefore you are under a curse and will perpetually serve as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.” ...

Judges 1:28-35
When Israel became stronger, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor, but they never drove them out completely. / Ephraim also failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so the Canaanites continued to dwell among them in Gezer. / Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers. ...

2 Chronicles 8:7-8
As for all the people who remained of the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (these people were not Israelites)— / their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites had not destroyed—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.

Exodus 23:31-33
And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. / You shall make no covenant with them or with their gods. / They must not remain in your land, lest they cause you to sin against Me. For if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.”

Deuteronomy 7:1-2
When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you— / and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you to defeat them, then you must devote them to complete destruction. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy.

Deuteronomy 20:16-18
However, in the cities of the nations that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you must not leave alive anything that breathes. / For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you, / so that they cannot teach you to do all the detestable things they do for their gods, and so cause you to sin against the LORD your God.

Leviticus 25:44-46
Your menservants and maidservants shall come from the nations around you, from whom you may purchase them. / You may also purchase them from the foreigners residing among you or their clans living among you who are born in your land. These may become your property. / You may leave them to your sons after you to inherit as property; you can make them slaves for life. But as for your brothers, the Israelites, no man may rule harshly over his brother.

Genesis 9:25-27
he said, “Cursed be Canaan! A servant of servants shall he be to his brothers.” / He also declared: “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the servant of Shem. / May God expand the territory of Japheth; may he dwell in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be his servant.”

Numbers 33:55-56
But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land before you, those you allow to remain will become barbs in your eyes and thorns in your sides; they will harass you in the land where you settle. / And then I will do to you what I had planned to do to them.”

Nehemiah 9:8
You found his heart faithful before You, and made a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites and Hittites, of the Amorites and Perizzites, of the Jebusites and Girgashites—to give it to his descendants. You have kept Your promise, because You are righteous.

Psalm 106:34-36
They did not destroy the peoples as the LORD had commanded them, / but they mingled with the nations and adopted their customs. / They worshiped their idols, which became a snare to them.

Acts 13:19
And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance.

Acts 7:45
And our fathers who received it brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations God drove out before them. It remained until the time of David,

Romans 9:25-26
As He says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘My People’ who are not My people, and I will call her ‘My Beloved’ who is not My beloved,” / and, “It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”

Ephesians 2:11-13
Therefore remember that formerly you who are Gentiles in the flesh and called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision (that done in the body by human hands)— / remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. / But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.


Treasury of Scripture

And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel,

left

2 Chronicles 8:7,8
As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of Israel, …

Amorites

Genesis 15:19-21
The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, …

Exodus 23:23,28-33
For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off…

Exodus 34:11,12
Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite…

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Amorite Amorites Children Hittite Hittites Hivite Hivites Israel Israelites Jebusite Jebusites Jeb'usites Peoples Perizzite Perizzites Per'izzites Rest Whole
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Amorite Amorites Children Hittite Hittites Hivite Hivites Israel Israelites Jebusite Jebusites Jeb'usites Peoples Perizzite Perizzites Per'izzites Rest Whole
1 Kings 9
1. God's covenant in a vision with Solomon
10. The mutual presents of Solomon and Hiran
15. In Solomon's works the Gentiles were his bondmen, the Israelites servants
24. Pharaoh's daughter removes to her house
25. Solomon's yearly solemn sacrifices
26. His navy fetches gold from Ophir














As for all the people
This phrase introduces a specific group of individuals distinct from the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "people" here is "עַם" (am), which often denotes a community or nation. In the context of ancient Israel, this term underscores the collective identity of these groups, who were remnants of the original inhabitants of Canaan. Their presence in the land serves as a reminder of Israel's incomplete conquest and the ongoing challenge of maintaining covenant faithfulness amidst foreign influences.

who remained
The Hebrew root "יָתַר" (yatar) means "to remain" or "to be left over." This indicates that these people were survivors of the conquest of Canaan. Historically, this reflects the reality that not all Canaanite groups were completely driven out or destroyed, as commanded in earlier biblical texts. Their continued presence posed both a practical and spiritual challenge to Israel, as they were often a source of temptation towards idolatry and cultural assimilation.

of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites
These names represent specific ethnic groups that inhabited the land of Canaan before the arrival of the Israelites. Each group had its own distinct culture and religious practices. The Amorites and Hittites were known for their significant influence and power in the region. The Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, while perhaps less prominent, were integral to the Canaanite cultural landscape. Archaeological findings have provided insights into their societies, revealing a complex tapestry of city-states and tribal affiliations. The mention of these groups serves as a historical anchor, reminding readers of the diverse and often adversarial environment in which Israel was called to live out its covenant with God.

(the people who were not Israelites)
This parenthetical clarification emphasizes the distinction between the Israelites and the other inhabitants of the land. The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, who were chosen by God to be His covenant people. This distinction is crucial in understanding the biblical narrative, as it highlights the unique identity and calling of Israel to be a holy nation set apart for God's purposes. The presence of non-Israelite peoples in the land serves as a backdrop for the unfolding account of Israel's faithfulness—or lack thereof—to their divine mandate.

(20) A tribute of bond service.--This was probably not originated, but simply enforced and organised, by Solomon. It dated, in theory at least, from the Conquest. The most notable example of it is the case of the Gibeonites (Joshua 9:21-27); but there are incidental notices of similar imposition of serfship in Judges 1:28; Judges 1:30; Judges 1:33; Judges 1:35. Many of the dangers of the stormy age of the Judges were due to the uprising of these subject races; as in the revival of the northern confederacy at Hazor under Sisera (Judges 4), and the usurpation of Abimelech by aid of the Shecliemites (Judges 9). Probably their subordination to Israel varied according to the strength or weakness of each age; but, when the monarchy became organised under David and Solomon, it was fixed definitely and permanently, although, like the serfship of the Middle Ages, it might vary in its severity in different times and in different regions.

Verse 20. - And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites [Judges 1:21-36; Judges 3:5; 1 Chronicles 22:2] which were not of the children of Israel.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
As for all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

the people
הָ֠עָם (hā·‘ām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

who remained
הַנּוֹתָ֨ר (han·nō·w·ṯār)
Article | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 3498: To jut over, exceed, to excel, to remain, be left, to leave, cause to abound, preserve

of
מִן־ (min-)
Preposition
Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of

the Amorites,
הָאֱמֹרִ֜י (hā·’ĕ·mō·rî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 567: Amorites -- perhaps 'mountain dwellers', a Canaanite tribe

Hittites,
הַחִתִּ֤י (ha·ḥit·tî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2850: Hittite -- a Chittite

Perizzites,
הַפְּרִזִּי֙ (hap·pə·riz·zî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6522: Perizzite -- a people in the land of Canaan

Hivites,
הַחִוִּ֣י (ha·ḥiw·wî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2340: Hivite -- a Chivvite

and Jebusites
וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י (wə·hay·ḇū·sî)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2983: Jebusite -- inhabitant of Jebus

(the people who
אֲשֶׁ֛ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

were
הֵֽמָּה׃ (hêm·māh)
Pronoun - third person masculine plural
Strong's 1992: They

not
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

Israelites
מִבְּנֵ֥י (mib·bə·nê)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

)—
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc


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OT History: 1 Kings 9:20 As for all the people who were (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)
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