Judges 9:6

Then all the leaders of Shechem and Beth-millo gathered beside the oak at the pillar in Shechem and proceeded to make Abimelech their king.

Study Bible

Then all the leaders of Shechem
The Hebrew word for "leaders" here is "ba'ale," which can also mean "lords" or "masters." This indicates the influential and ruling class of Shechem, a city with a rich history in Israel. Shechem was a significant city in the central hill country of Canaan, often associated with covenantal events in Israel's history, such as the renewal of the covenant under Joshua (Joshua 24). The leaders' involvement in this event underscores the political and social dynamics at play, as they were key decision-makers in the community.

and Beth-millo
Beth-millo is a term that means "house of the fill" or "house of the rampart." It likely refers to a fortified structure or area within or near Shechem. The mention of Beth-millo suggests a coalition of local powers, indicating that Abimelech's rise to power was not just a personal ambition but involved strategic alliances. This reflects the fragmented and tribal nature of Israelite society during the time of the Judges, where local strongholds held significant sway.

gathered beside the great tree
The "great tree" is often understood as a terebinth or oak, which were common sites for significant events in ancient Israel. Trees were seen as symbols of life and continuity and were often associated with sacred spaces. This particular tree in Shechem was likely a well-known landmark, possibly the same tree under which Joshua set up a stone as a witness to the covenant (Joshua 24:26). The gathering at this tree suggests a ceremonial and possibly religious aspect to the crowning of Abimelech, lending an air of legitimacy and tradition to the proceedings.

at the pillar in Shechem
The "pillar" refers to a standing stone or monument, which in ancient Near Eastern cultures often served as a witness to covenants or significant events. In Shechem, this pillar could have been a remnant of previous covenantal ceremonies, such as those conducted by Joshua. Its presence at the coronation of Abimelech would have imbued the event with historical and spiritual significance, connecting Abimelech's kingship to the broader narrative of Israel's history and God's dealings with His people.

to crown Abimelech as king
Abimelech's crowning as king marks a significant departure from the theocratic leadership model established by God for Israel. The Hebrew word for "crown" here is "mashach," which means to anoint, though in this context, it implies a more secular enthronement. Abimelech, the son of Gideon (also known as Jerubbaal), sought to establish a monarchy, which was not God's original design for Israel. This act of crowning him king reflects the people's desire for centralized human leadership, foreshadowing the later establishment of the monarchy under Saul. Abimelech's kingship, however, was marked by ambition and violence, serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of power pursued for personal gain rather than divine calling.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abimelech
The son of Gideon (also known as Jerubbaal) and his concubine from Shechem. He sought power and convinced the leaders of Shechem to make him king, leading to a violent and tumultuous reign.

2. Leaders of Shechem
The influential figures in the city of Shechem who supported Abimelech's claim to kingship, demonstrating the political dynamics and alliances of the time.

3. Beth-millo
A location or structure associated with Shechem, possibly a fortress or a significant building, indicating the place of gathering for the coronation.

4. The Great Tree at the Pillar in Shechem
A significant landmark in Shechem, possibly a place of worship or judgment, where Abimelech was made king. This location holds historical and religious significance, as it was also where Joshua renewed the covenant with Israel.

5. Shechem
An ancient city with a rich biblical history, known for its central role in various covenantal events and its strategic and religious importance in Israel.

Teaching Points

The Dangers of Ambition and Power
Abimelech's account warns against the pursuit of power for selfish reasons. His ambition led to destructive consequences, reminding us to seek leadership roles with humility and a servant's heart.

The Influence of Leaders
The leaders of Shechem played a crucial role in Abimelech's rise. This highlights the responsibility of leaders to make decisions that align with God's will and the potential impact of their choices on the community.

The Importance of Covenant Faithfulness
Shechem's history as a place of covenant reminds us of the importance of remaining faithful to God's promises and commands, even when tempted by worldly power and influence.

God's Sovereignty Amidst Human Failings
Despite Abimelech's unrighteous actions, God's sovereignty is evident throughout the account. This reassures us that God can work through human failings to accomplish His purposes.

Bible Study Questions

1. What motivated the leaders of Shechem to support Abimelech, and how can we discern our motivations when choosing leaders today?

2. How does the history of Shechem as a place of covenant influence our understanding of the events in Judges 9:6?

3. In what ways can the account of Abimelech serve as a warning against the misuse of power and ambition in our own lives?

4. How do the events in Judges 9:6 reflect the broader theme of Israel's struggle with leadership and faithfulness to God?

5. Considering God's sovereignty in the account of Abimelech, how can we trust in God's plan even when human leadership fails us?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Judges 8:33-35
These verses provide context for Abimelech's rise to power, highlighting Israel's unfaithfulness after Gideon's death and setting the stage for Abimelech's ambition.

Genesis 12:6-7
Shechem is first mentioned as a place where God appeared to Abram, establishing its significance as a site of divine encounter and covenant.

Joshua 24:25-26
Joshua made a covenant with the people at Shechem, underscoring the city's role as a place of covenant renewal and decision-making.

1 Samuel 8:4-7
The request for a king by the Israelites during Samuel's time parallels the leaders of Shechem's decision to crown Abimelech, reflecting the recurring theme of Israel's desire for human leadership over divine guidance.