Definition and Significance
Baptism with water is a Christian sacrament and ordinance that signifies the believer's faith in Jesus Christ, repentance from sin, and entrance into the Christian community. It is an outward expression of an inward transformation and is often associated with the washing away of sins and the believer's identification with the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Biblical Foundation
The practice of baptism with water is rooted in the New Testament and is commanded by Jesus Christ. In the Great Commission, Jesus instructs His disciples: "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:19). This command establishes baptism as an essential rite for believers.

John the Baptist and the Baptism of Repentance
John the Baptist, a forerunner to Jesus, preached a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. Mark 1:4 states, "John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins." John's baptism prepared the way for Jesus and emphasized the need for repentance and spiritual renewal.

Jesus' Baptism
Jesus Himself was baptized by John, marking the beginning of His public ministry. This event is recorded in Matthew 3:16-17: "As soon as Jesus was baptized, He went up out of the water. Suddenly the heavens were opened, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and resting on Him. And a voice from heaven said, 'This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.'" Jesus' baptism, though He was sinless, served as an example for believers and affirmed His identity as the Son of God.

The Apostolic Practice
The early church continued the practice of baptism as an integral part of the Christian faith. On the day of Pentecost, Peter exhorted the crowd, saying, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" (Acts 2:38). Baptism was closely linked with conversion and the reception of the Holy Spirit.

Symbolism and Theology
Baptism with water symbolizes several key theological truths. It represents the believer's identification with Christ's death and resurrection, as articulated by the Apostle Paul: "We were therefore buried with Him through baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may walk in newness of life" (Romans 6:4). This act signifies the believer's death to sin and new life in Christ.

Furthermore, baptism is a public declaration of faith and allegiance to Jesus Christ. It is an initiation into the body of Christ, the Church, and signifies the believer's cleansing from sin, as noted in 1 Peter 3:21: "And this water symbolizes the baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body, but the pledge of a clear conscience toward God."

Modes and Controversies
Throughout Christian history, there have been various modes of baptism, including immersion, pouring, and sprinkling. While immersion is often seen as the most biblically representative mode, reflecting the burial and resurrection imagery, other traditions have adopted different practices based on theological and practical considerations.

Controversies have also arisen regarding the subjects of baptism, particularly the practice of infant baptism versus believer's baptism. Those who advocate for believer's baptism argue that baptism should follow a personal profession of faith, while proponents of infant baptism view it as a covenantal sign akin to circumcision in the Old Testament.

Conclusion
Baptism with water remains a central and sacred rite within Christianity, symbolizing the believer's union with Christ, purification from sin, and commitment to a life of discipleship. It is a testament to the transformative power of the gospel and the believer's incorporation into the community of faith.