In biblical times, beards were a significant aspect of a man's appearance and were often associated with dignity, wisdom, and maturity. The cultural and religious significance of beards is evident throughout the Scriptures, where they are mentioned in various contexts, from personal grooming to symbols of mourning and shame.

Cultural Significance

In ancient Israel, a beard was considered a mark of manhood and honor. The Israelites, like many of their Near Eastern neighbors, regarded the beard as a natural and essential part of a man's identity. The absence of a beard could imply youth, servitude, or disgrace. For instance, when King David's envoys were humiliated by having half their beards shaved by the Ammonites, it was considered a severe insult (2 Samuel 10:4-5): "So Hanun seized David’s servants, shaved off half of each man’s beard, cut off their garments at the hips, and sent them away. When this was reported to David, he sent messengers to meet the men, since they were greatly humiliated. The king told them, 'Stay in Jericho until your beards have grown back, and then return.'"

Religious Observance

The Law of Moses included specific instructions regarding the grooming of beards, reflecting their religious significance. Leviticus 19:27 states, "You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard." This commandment was part of a broader set of laws intended to distinguish the Israelites from surrounding nations and to maintain ritual purity. The prohibition against altering the beard's natural shape was likely a rejection of pagan practices and an affirmation of God's creation.

Symbol of Mourning and Shame

Beards also played a role in expressions of grief and humiliation. In times of mourning, individuals might neglect their beards as a sign of distress. Isaiah 15:2 describes such a scene: "Dibon goes up to its temple, to its high places to weep; Moab wails over Nebo and over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off." The shaving of the beard in this context symbolizes deep sorrow and lamentation.

Conversely, the removal of a beard could be a sign of disgrace or subjugation. In the prophetic book of Isaiah, the prophet speaks of a time when the Lord will use the king of Assyria as a razor to shave the head and the beard, symbolizing judgment and humiliation (Isaiah 7:20): "On that day the Lord will use a razor hired from beyond the Euphrates—the king of Assyria—to shave your head and the hair of your legs, and to remove your beard as well."

Wisdom and Respect

Beards were often associated with wisdom and respect, particularly among elders and leaders. The aged and wise were frequently depicted with beards, signifying their experience and authority. In the wisdom literature, the beard is sometimes implied as a symbol of maturity and prudence.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, beards are not explicitly mentioned, but the cultural context of the time suggests that Jewish men, including Jesus and His disciples, likely wore beards in accordance with Jewish customs. The absence of direct references to beards in the New Testament may indicate that the early Christian community did not emphasize this aspect of appearance as a matter of religious observance.

Overall, beards in the Bible are more than mere facial hair; they carry deep cultural, religious, and symbolic meanings that reflect the values and beliefs of the biblical world.Leviticus 19:27
You shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shall you mar the corners of your beard.
Topicalbible.org

Ezekiel 5:1
And you, son of man, take you a sharp knife, take you a barber's razor, and cause it to pass on your head and on your beard: then take you balances to weigh, and divide the hair.
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Jeremiah 48:37
For every head shall be bald, and every beard clipped: on all the hands shall be cuttings, and on the loins sackcloth.
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Psalm 133:2
It is like the precious ointment on the head, that ran down on the beard, even Aaron's beard: that went down to the skirts of his garments;
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Ezra 9:3
And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down astonished.
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2206. zaqan -- beard, chin
... Word Origin from an unused word Definition beard, chin NASB Word Usage beard (14),
beards (5). beard. From zaqen; the beard (as indicating age) -- beard. ...
/hebrew/2206.htm - 6k

Work Written by Julian Entitled "Aversion to Beards. " Daphne in ...
... Book V. Chapter XIX."Work written by Julian entitled "Aversion to Beards."
Daphne in Antioch, a Full Description of it. Translation ...
/.../the ecclesiastical history of sozomenus/chapter xix work written by julian.htm

Persistency in Wrong Doing.
... Hanun took the servants, the ambassadors of David, and shaved off half their beards,
and cut off the lower half of all their clothes, and sent them back to ...
/.../xliii persistency in wrong doing.htm

Commandments to Men.
... in its additional precepts: "You shall not make to yourselves curls and round rasures."
[2558] Nor may men destroy the hair of their beards, and unnaturally ...
/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec ii commandments to men.htm

Thanksgiving to God for Deliverance from the Evils Expected Owing ...
... For as it is with respect to the ears of corn; the beards, standing forth as a sort
of spears, repel the birds, and do not suffer them to settle upon the fruits ...
/.../chrysostom/on the priesthood/homily xi thanksgiving to god.htm

Christian Unity.
... it is "unite or die!" The mallet of the auctioneer threatens the steeple-house,
the young folks are off "golfing" or "hiking," and the gray-beards, lonely and ...
/.../rees/the heart-cry of jesus/chapter v christian unity.htm

Elucidations.
... of these persons, with their black caps resembling the modius seen on the heads
of the ancient statues of Serapis and Osiris, their long beards and pale ...
//christianbookshelf.org/tertullian/on the pallium/elucidations.htm

Not that Light, but a Witness.
... his sinewy strength and uncouth attire, surrounded by the little group of disciples;
while through the throng a deputation of grey-beards, the representatives ...
//christianbookshelf.org/meyer/john the baptist/viii not that light but.htm

The Death of Saint Patrick.
... done their work, unnerved their once iron arms, and turned their raven or auburn
locks to grey; while from their chins, instead of full bushy beards, hung down ...
/.../kingston/the seven champions of christendom/chapter fifteen the death of.htm

The Powers of Darkness
... the Western mind. To him they present the appearance of aged, venerable
beings, short of stature, with white beards. Country, town ...
/.../cable/the fulfilment of a dream of pastor hsis/chapter xii the powers of.htm

Boastings and Quarrels of the Philosophers.
... They leave uncovered one of their shoulders; they let their hair grow long; they
cultivate their beards; their nails are like the claws of wild beasts. ...
/.../tatian/tatians address to the greeks/chapter xxv boastings and quarrels of.htm

Beards (6 Occurrences)
...Beards (6 Occurrences). ... The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards have
grown, and then return." (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV). ...
/b/beards.htm - 8k

Beard (23 Occurrences)
... It was a part of a Jew's daily toilet to anoint his beard with oil and perfume
(Psalm 133:2). Beards were trimmed with the most fastidious care (2 Samuel 19:24 ...
/b/beard.htm - 21k

Shamed (91 Occurrences)
... ashamed. The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards have grown, and
then return." (Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT RSV). ...
/s/shamed.htm - 33k

Shaved (23 Occurrences)
... 2 Samuel 10:4 So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their
beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks ...
/s/shaved.htm - 13k

Grown (77 Occurrences)
... greatly ashamed. The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards have grown,
and then return." (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS RSV NIV). 1 ...
/g/grown.htm - 30k

Tarry (62 Occurrences)
... 10:5 When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly
ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown ...
/t/tarry.htm - 25k

Ashamed (131 Occurrences)
... greatly ashamed. The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards have grown,
and then return." (WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV). 2 ...
/a/ashamed.htm - 42k

Bearer (23 Occurrences)

/b/bearer.htm - 14k

Grow (139 Occurrences)
... ashamed. The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards have grown, and
then return." (Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV). ...
/g/grow.htm - 34k

Humiliated (25 Occurrences)
... men were greatly ashamed. The king said, "Wait at Jericho until your beards
have grown, and then return." (See NAS NIV). 2 Samuel 19 ...
/h/humiliated.htm - 13k

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