Ezion-geber is a significant location mentioned in the Bible, primarily in the context of the Israelites' wilderness wanderings and later in the history of the Israelite monarchy. It is situated near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, which is part of the Red Sea. The name "Ezion-geber" is often understood to mean "backbone of a man" or "giant's backbone," possibly referring to the rugged terrain of the area.

Biblical References:

1. Wilderness Wanderings: The Israelites camped at Ezion-geber during their 40-year journey through the wilderness after the Exodus from Egypt. This is recorded in the Book of Numbers: "They set out from the mountains of Abarim and camped on the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho. They set out from Ezion-geber and camped in the Wilderness of Zin, that is, Kadesh" (Numbers 33:35-36). This passage highlights Ezion-geber as one of the many stops in the Israelites' journey, marking it as a place of transition and preparation before entering the Promised Land.

2. Solomon's Reign: Ezion-geber later became an important port city during the reign of King Solomon. It was a hub for maritime trade and shipbuilding. In 1 Kings 9:26, it is noted: "King Solomon also built ships at Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom" . This strategic location allowed Solomon to engage in trade with distant lands, enhancing the wealth and influence of his kingdom.

3. Jehoshaphat's Fleet: The site is also mentioned in the context of King Jehoshaphat of Judah, who attempted to revive maritime trade. However, his fleet met with disaster: "Jehoshaphat built ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, but they never set sail, for the ships were wrecked at Ezion-geber" (1 Kings 22:48). This incident underscores the challenges and risks associated with ancient seafaring and trade.

Historical and Archaeological Insights:

Ezion-geber's location has been identified with the modern site of Tell el-Kheleifeh, near the present-day city of Aqaba in Jordan. Archaeological excavations have uncovered remains of ancient fortifications, industrial installations, and evidence of copper smelting, which aligns with the biblical description of the site as a center of trade and industry.

Theological Significance:

Ezion-geber serves as a testament to God's provision and guidance during the Israelites' wilderness journey. It also illustrates the prosperity and challenges faced by the Israelite monarchy in their efforts to expand trade and influence. The site reflects the broader biblical themes of reliance on God, the pursuit of wisdom and prosperity, and the consequences of human endeavors.

In summary, Ezion-geber is a multifaceted location in biblical history, representing both a waypoint in the Israelites' journey and a center of economic activity during the united monarchy. Its mention in Scripture highlights the interplay between divine providence and human enterprise.