Kneading
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Topical Encyclopedia
Kneading is a process mentioned in the Bible primarily in the context of bread-making, a staple in the diet of ancient Near Eastern cultures, including the Israelites. The act of kneading involves working dough with the hands to develop its texture and elasticity, preparing it for baking. This process is referenced in several biblical passages, highlighting its significance in daily life and religious practices.

Biblical References:

1. Genesis 18:6 · In this passage, Abraham demonstrates hospitality to three visitors by instructing Sarah to quickly prepare bread: "So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah and said, 'Quick, prepare three seahs of fine flour, knead it, and bake some bread.'" This instance underscores the cultural importance of kneading as part of offering hospitality and sustenance.

2. Exodus 12:34 · During the Exodus, the Israelites are described as taking their dough before it was leavened: "So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing." This highlights the urgency of their departure from Egypt and the practical use of kneading bowls in their daily lives.

3. 1 Samuel 28:24 · The narrative of Saul visiting the medium at Endor includes a reference to kneading: "Now the woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread." This passage illustrates the preparation of a meal in a time of distress, again emphasizing the role of kneading in food preparation.

Cultural and Religious Significance:

Kneading is not only a practical activity but also holds cultural and religious significance. Bread, often referred to as the "staff of life," is a symbol of sustenance and provision. In the context of the Passover, unleavened bread, which requires kneading, becomes a symbol of purity and haste, as the Israelites left Egypt without time for the dough to rise.

The process of kneading can also be seen as a metaphor for spiritual formation. Just as dough is worked and transformed into bread, believers are shaped and molded by God’s hands. This metaphor is consistent with the biblical theme of God as the potter and His people as the clay (Isaiah 64:8).

Tools and Techniques:

In biblical times, kneading was done by hand, often in large bowls or troughs. The dough would be mixed with water and sometimes oil, then worked until it reached the desired consistency. The kneading process was labor-intensive and required skill to ensure the bread would bake properly.

Symbolism and Lessons:

Kneading, as a biblical motif, teaches lessons of diligence, preparation, and transformation. It serves as a reminder of God’s provision and the importance of readiness in spiritual and physical matters. The act of kneading, while mundane, is imbued with deeper meaning through its repeated presence in Scripture, reflecting the integration of faith and daily life in the biblical narrative.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
(p. pr. & vb. n.) of Knead.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
KNEADING

ned'ing.

See BREAD, III, 2.

Strong's Hebrew
4863. mishereth -- perhaps kneading trough
... 4862, 4863. mishereth. 4864 . perhaps kneading trough. Transliteration: mishereth
Phonetic Spelling: (mish-eh'-reth) Short Definition: bowl. ...
/hebrew/4863.htm - 6k

3889. Lush -- Laish
... Word Origin the same as Layish, qv. Laish From luwsh; kneading; Lush, a place in
Palestine -- Laish (from the margin). Compare Layish. see HEBREW luwsh. ...
/hebrew/3889.htm - 5k

3888. lush -- to knead
... Word Origin a prim. root Definition to knead NASB Word Usage knead (2), kneaded
(2), kneading (1). knead. A primitive root; to knead -- knead. 3887, 3888. ...
/hebrew/3888.htm - 5k

Library

Brooks -- the Pride of Life
... It must be nothing less than the kneading and tempering of a man's whole nature
till it becomes of such a consistency and quality as to be capable of ...
/.../kleiser/the worlds great sermons volume 8/brooks the pride of.htm

At the Last Day Great Changes Take Place Amongst the ??ons as Well ...
... and has then proceeded to gather it into her garner, or, after it has been taken
to the mill and ground to flour, has hidden it in the kneading-trough with ...
/.../tertullian/against the valentinians/chapter xxxi at the last day.htm

Leaven
... A poor woman, with her morsel of barm, kneading it up among three measures of meal,
in some coarse earthenware pan, stands to Him as representing the whole ...
//christianbookshelf.org/maclaren/expositions of holy scripture b/leaven.htm

On Gen. vii. 6
... dried. And Noah there and then bade his wife, and his sons' wives, diligently
attend to kneading dough and laying it in the oven. ...
/.../the extant works and fragments of hippolytus/section iv on gen vii.htm

The Cost of Being Cruel and Stubborn
... into your house, into your sleeping chamber, upon your bed, into the houses of your
servants, upon your people, and into your ovens and kneading-troughs; and ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/sherman/the childrens bible/the cost of being cruel.htm

The Escape from Egypt
... to hasten out of the land, for they said, "We shall all perish." So the people took
their dough before the yeast had worked, and their kneading-troughs were ...
//christianbookshelf.org/sherman/the childrens bible/the escape from egypt.htm

Wesley in the Fens
... Here, therefore, I procured a boat, fully twice as large as a kneading-trough. I
was at one end, and a boy at the other, who paddled me safe to Erith. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/wesley/the journal of john wesley/wesley in the fens.htm

Easter Tuesday
... the world. 6. Thus early in his discourse Paul grows blunt and severe, kneading
Jews and gentiles into one lump. Indeed, he plainly ...
//christianbookshelf.org/luther/epistle sermons vol ii/easter tuesday 2.htm

Where is the Lord?
... be hard work for struggling people carrying burdens, as these Israelites did; for
they went out of Egypt harnessed and laden, bearing their kneading-troughs in ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 38 1892/where is the lord.htm

Appendix xvii. The Ordinances and Law of the Sabbath as Laid Down ...
... They are: sowing, ploughing reaping, binding sheaves, threshing, winnowing, sifting
(selecting), grinding, sifting in a sieve, kneading, baking; shearing the ...
/.../the life and times of jesus the messiah/appendix xvii the ordinances and.htm

Thesaurus
Kneading (7 Occurrences)
... (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Knead. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. KNEADING. ned'ing.
See BREAD, III, 2. Multi-Version Concordance Kneading (7 Occurrences). ...
/k/kneading.htm - 8k

Kneading-trough (2 Occurrences)
Kneading-trough. Kneadingtrough, Kneading-trough. Kneadingtroughs . Easton's
Bible Dictionary ... Multi-Version Concordance Kneading-trough (2 Occurrences). ...
/k/kneading-trough.htm - 7k

Kneading-troughs (2 Occurrences)
Kneading-troughs. Kneadingtroughs, Kneading-troughs. Knee .
Multi-Version Concordance Kneading-troughs (2 Occurrences). ...
/k/kneading-troughs.htm - 7k

Dough (15 Occurrences)
... The dough the Israelites had prepared for baking was carried away by them
out of Egypt in their kneading-troughs (Exodus 12:34, 39). ...
/d/dough.htm - 12k

Bread (433 Occurrences)
... 2:14). Bread was prepared by kneading in wooden bowls or "kneading troughs"
(Genesis 18:6; Exodus 12:34; Jeremiah 7:18). The dough ...
/b/bread.htm - 58k

Leavened (16 Occurrences)
... Exodus 12:34 The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading
troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. ...
/l/leavened.htm - 12k

Trough (7 Occurrences)
... Deuteronomy 28:5 Your basket and your kneading trough shall be blessed. ... Deuteronomy
28:17 Your basket and your kneading trough shall be cursed. ...
/t/trough.htm - 8k

Troughs (5 Occurrences)
... and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants,
and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs: (WEB ...
/t/troughs.htm - 8k

Bowls (47 Occurrences)
... and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants,
and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs: (See ...
/b/bowls.htm - 21k

Resources
Who is the Queen of Heaven? | GotQuestions.org

What does shabbat mean? | GotQuestions.org

What are the curses God promised Israel for disobedience? | GotQuestions.org

Kneading: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Concordance
Kneading (7 Occurrences)

John 9:6
After thus speaking, He spat on the ground, and then, kneading the dust and spittle into clay, He smeared the clay over the man's eyes and said to him,
(WEY)

Exodus 8:3
and the river shall swarm with frogs, which shall go up and come into your house, and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 12:34
The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 28:5
Your basket and your kneading trough shall be blessed.
(WEB JPS ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Deuteronomy 28:17
Your basket and your kneading trough shall be cursed.
(WEB JPS ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Jeremiah 7:18
The sons are gathering wood, And the fathers are causing the fire to burn, And the women are kneading dough, To make cakes to the queen of the heavens, And to pour out libations to other gods, So as to provoke Me to anger.
(YLT)

Hosea 7:4
They are all adulterers. They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring, from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.
(WEB JPS ASV YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Kneading

Related Terms

Kneading (7 Occurrences)

Kneading-trough (2 Occurrences)

Kneadeth
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