The city of Jerusalem holds a central place in biblical history and theology, serving as a focal point for the narratives of the Old and New Testaments. Throughout its storied past, Jerusalem has been home to a diverse array of inhabitants, each contributing to its rich spiritual and cultural heritage. The Bible provides several lists and descriptions of those who lived in Jerusalem at various times, reflecting the city's significance as a religious and political center.

Early Inhabitants and Conquest

Jerusalem, originally known as Jebus, was inhabited by the Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe. The city was strategically located and fortified, making it a significant stronghold in the region. The Jebusites continued to dwell in Jerusalem until the time of King David. In 2 Samuel 5:6-7 , it is recorded that David captured the fortress of Zion, which became the City of David: "Now the king and his men marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. And the Jebusites said to David, 'You will never get in here; even the blind and lame can repel you,' thinking, 'David cannot get in here.' Nevertheless, David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David)."

Davidic and Solomonic Era

Under King David and his successor, Solomon, Jerusalem became the political and spiritual heart of Israel. David established his capital there, and Solomon built the First Temple, making Jerusalem the center of worship for the Israelites. The inhabitants during this period included members of the royal family, priests, Levites, and various officials and craftsmen involved in the administration and religious activities of the kingdom.

Post-Exilic Period

Following the Babylonian exile, a remnant of the Jewish population returned to Jerusalem under the leadership of Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah. The books of Ezra and Nehemiah provide detailed lists of those who returned to rebuild the city and the Temple. Nehemiah 11:1-2 describes the repopulation efforts: "Now the leaders of the people settled in Jerusalem, and the rest of the people cast lots to bring one out of every ten to live in Jerusalem, the holy city, while the remaining nine were to stay in their own towns. And the people blessed all the men who volunteered to live in Jerusalem."

New Testament Era

In the New Testament, Jerusalem remains a central location, particularly in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. The city was inhabited by a mix of Jewish groups, including Pharisees, Sadducees, and Zealots, as well as Roman officials and soldiers. The early Christian community also emerged in Jerusalem, as described in the Book of Acts. Acts 2:5 notes the diverse population present during Pentecost: "Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven."

Cultural and Religious Significance

Throughout its history, Jerusalem's inhabitants have been characterized by their diverse backgrounds and roles in the unfolding biblical narrative. The city's population has included kings, prophets, priests, and ordinary citizens, each contributing to its legacy as a city chosen by God. The inhabitants of Jerusalem have played pivotal roles in the fulfillment of biblical prophecies and the establishment of God's covenant with His people.