Canaan: Son of Ham
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Canaan, the son of Ham, is a significant figure in the biblical narrative, primarily known as the progenitor of the Canaanites, a group of ancient peoples who inhabited the land of Canaan, which corresponds to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria. The account of Canaan and his descendants is foundational to understanding the historical and theological context of the Old Testament.

Genealogy and Curse

Canaan is introduced in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, where he is listed as one of the sons of Ham, alongside Cush, Mizraim, and Put. Genesis 10:6 states, "The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan." Canaan's lineage is further detailed in Genesis 10:15-18, which lists his descendants, including Sidon, Heth, and the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites.

The narrative of Canaan is notably marked by the curse pronounced by Noah. After the incident of Noah's drunkenness, Ham, Canaan's father, saw his father's nakedness and told his two brothers outside. When Noah awoke and learned what his youngest son had done, he declared, "Cursed be Canaan! A servant of servants shall he be to his brothers" (Genesis 9:25). This curse has been a subject of much theological discussion, often interpreted as a prophetic declaration concerning the future subjugation of the Canaanites by the descendants of Shem and Japheth.

The Land of Canaan

The land of Canaan holds a central place in biblical history as the Promised Land given to the descendants of Abraham. In Genesis 12:5-7 , God promises Abram, "To your offspring I will give this land." This promise is reiterated throughout the patriarchal narratives and becomes a focal point in the account of the Exodus and the conquest under Joshua.

The Canaanites, as descendants of Canaan, are frequently depicted as adversaries of the Israelites. Their idolatrous practices and moral corruption are highlighted in the biblical texts, serving as a warning to the Israelites against adopting similar behaviors. The conquest of Canaan, as described in the Book of Joshua, is portrayed as a divine mandate to establish a holy nation in accordance with God's covenant with Israel.

Canaanites in Biblical History

The Canaanites are mentioned throughout the Old Testament as inhabitants of the land prior to the Israelite settlement. They are often described as a people of great cities and advanced culture, yet their religious practices, including child sacrifice and fertility rites, are condemned by the biblical authors. The Israelites are repeatedly warned against intermarrying with the Canaanites and adopting their customs (Deuteronomy 7:1-5).

Despite the conquest narratives, the Canaanites continued to coexist with the Israelites in various regions, leading to periods of conflict and assimilation. The influence of Canaanite culture and religion is evident in the recurring theme of Israel's apostasy and the prophetic calls to return to the worship of Yahweh.

Theological Significance

The account of Canaan and his descendants serves as a backdrop for the unfolding narrative of God's redemptive plan through Israel. The curse of Canaan and the subsequent history of the Canaanites illustrate the consequences of sin and disobedience, while the promise of the land underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant. The tension between Israel and the Canaanites highlights the ongoing struggle between faithfulness to God and the temptations of surrounding cultures.

In summary, Canaan, as the son of Ham, is a pivotal figure whose legacy is intricately woven into the fabric of biblical history. His descendants, the Canaanites, play a crucial role in the narrative of Israel's journey to become a nation set apart for God's purposes.
Nave's Topical Index
Genesis 9:18
And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan.
Nave's Topical Index

Strong's Hebrew
3667. Kna'an -- a son of Ham, also his desc. and their land West ...
... Canaan, merchant, traffic From kana'; humiliated; Kenaan, a son a Ham; also the
country inhabited by him -- Canaan, merchant, traffick. see HEBREW kana'. ...
/hebrew/3667.htm - 5k

3667a. Kenaan -- a son of Ham, also his desc. and their land West ...
... and their land West of the Jordan. Transliteration: Kenaan Short Definition: Canaan.
Word Origin from kana Definition a son of Ham, also his desc. ...
/hebrew/3667a.htm - 5k

Library

How Every Nation was Denominated from their First Inhabitants.
... also. Canaan, the fourth son of Ham, inhabited the country now called Judea,
and called it from his own name Canaan. The children ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 6 how every nation.htm

The Blessings of Noah Upon Shem and Japheth. (Gen. Ix. 18-27. )
... we are at liberty neither to fall back upon the sovereign decree of God, as Calvin
does, nor to say with Hofmann: "Canaan is the youngest son of Ham (Genesis 10 ...
/.../hengstenberg/christology of the old testament/the blessings of noah upon.htm

Chapter ix
... Canaan is the fourth son of Ham (Genesis 10:6) and so may roughly be said to represent
one fourth of the Hamitic race. He alone is under consideration here. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/leupold/exposition of genesis volume 1/chapter ix.htm

The Promise.
... at his father's infirmity, while his two brothers veiled it; and Noah was therefore
inspired to prophesy that Canaan, the son of the undutiful Ham, should be ...
//christianbookshelf.org/yonge/the chosen people/lesson i the promise.htm

Jewish Chronology Continued.
... And among Ham's children are: Canaan, [1071] from whom came the Canaanites; Mizraim,
from whom the Egyptians; Cush, from ... [1071] [The only son of Ham who did ...
/.../the refutation of all heresies/chapter xxvii jewish chronology continued.htm

Of the Generations of the Three Sons of Noah.
... sixth son, the race called the Philistines are said to have sprung; so that there
are in all eight. Then it returns again to Canaan, in whose person Ham was ...
/.../augustine/city of god/chapter 3 of the generations of.htm

The Book of Jubilees
... They were to be exterminated, not merely for their enormous wickedness which cried
aloud for chastisement, but chiefly because Canaan the son of Ham seized on ...
//christianbookshelf.org/deane/pseudepigrapha/the book of jubilees.htm

What was Prophetically Prefigured in the Sons of Noah.
... By their fruits ye shall know them." [864] And therefore was Ham cursed in his son,
he being, as it were, his fruit. So, too, this son of his, Canaan, is fitly ...
/.../augustine/city of god/chapter 2 what was prophetically prefigured.htm

Additional Note. A New Installment Has Now Appeared of the ...
... viii, p. 65). The trouble arose from the fact that "the curse of Ham" was not
pronounced on Ham, but on his son Canaan. Justin Martyr (Dial. ...
/.../additional note a new installment.htm

Here Beginneth the History of Noah
... And Noah awoke, and when he understood how Ham his son had scorned him, he cursed
him and also his son Canaan, and blessed Shem and Japhet. ...
/.../wells/bible stories and religious classics/here beginneth the history of.htm

Resources
Why did Moses send twelve spies into the Promised Land? | GotQuestions.org

Who were the Perizzites in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Are black people cursed? | GotQuestions.org

Canaan: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Subtopics

Canaan

Canaan: Land of

Canaan: Land of According to the Promise

Canaan: Land of After the Conquest by Joshua

Canaan: Land of by Joshua, Eleazar and a Prince from Each Tribe

Canaan: Land of Called Beulah

Canaan: Land of Called Immanuel's Land

Canaan: Land of Called Palestine

Canaan: Land of Called the Holy Land

Canaan: Land of Called the Land of Israel

Canaan: Land of Called the Land of Promise

Canaan: Land of Called the Land of the Hebrews

Canaan: Land of Called the Land of the Jews

Canaan: Land of Called the Lord's Land

Canaan: Land of Called the Sanctuary

Canaan: Land of Conquest of, by the Israelites

Canaan: Land of Divided by Lot Among the Twelve Tribes, and Families

Canaan: Land of Divided Into Twelve Provinces by Solomon

Canaan: Land of Exports of

Canaan: Land of Famines In

Canaan: Land of Fertility of

Canaan: Land of Fruitfulness of

Canaan: Land of Fruits

Canaan: Land of in Solomon's Time

Canaan: Land of Into Two Kingdoms, Judah and Israel

Canaan: Land of Mineral

Canaan: Land of Promised to Abraham and his Seed

Canaan: Land of Prophecy Concerning, After the Restoration of Israel

Canaan: Land of Renewed to Isaac

Canaan: Land of Roman Provinces of

Canaan: Land of Spies Sent Into, by Moses

Canaan: Son of Ham

Canaan: Son of Ham: Descendants of

Related Terms

Canaan's (1 Occurrence)

Jabin (8 Occurrences)

Acquired (32 Occurrences)

Shem (17 Occurrences)

Army (401 Occurrences)

Heth (13 Occurrences)

Jebus (5 Occurrences)

Gotten (38 Occurrences)

Exodus (2 Occurrences)

Paddan (11 Occurrences)

Hivite (25 Occurrences)

Astoreth

Possessions (84 Occurrences)

Astarte (2 Occurrences)

Ashtoreth (3 Occurrences)

Gadites (32 Occurrences)

Elamarna

Tablets (31 Occurrences)

El-amarna

Abram (48 Occurrences)

Jebusi (2 Occurrences)

Jebusite (39 Occurrences)

Girgashite (7 Occurrences)

Tents (284 Occurrences)

Mach-pe'lah (6 Occurrences)

Phut (7 Occurrences)

Padanaram (10 Occurrences)

Padan-aram (10 Occurrences)

Paddan-aram (10 Occurrences)

Burying-place (19 Occurrences)

Chushanrishathaim (2 Occurrences)

Chushan-rishathaim (2 Occurrences)

Charan (3 Occurrences)

Allotted (54 Occurrences)

Accumulated (4 Occurrences)

Aram (130 Occurrences)

Sojournings (8 Occurrences)

Sar'ai (12 Occurrences)

Terah (12 Occurrences)

Hittite (45 Occurrences)

Reubenites (37 Occurrences)

Hebrew (37 Occurrences)

Tell (3056 Occurrences)

Gained (66 Occurrences)

Canaanites (63 Occurrences)

Zidon (25 Occurrences)

Haran (19 Occurrences)

Settled (112 Occurrences)

Buried (125 Occurrences)

Famine (99 Occurrences)

Sarai (13 Occurrences)

Bury (78 Occurrences)

Brother's (46 Occurrences)

Period (43 Occurrences)

Dwelt (307 Occurrences)

Borders (104 Occurrences)

Circumcision (98 Occurrences)

Resting-place (211 Occurrences)

Daughters (246 Occurrences)

Fortified (79 Occurrences)

Fort (8 Occurrences)

Fortress (75 Occurrences)

Fortification (5 Occurrences)

Canaanite (74 Occurrences)

Substance (99 Occurrences)

Cave (40 Occurrences)

Languages (36 Occurrences)

Mamre (10 Occurrences)

Esau (89 Occurrences)

Bought (66 Occurrences)

Coasts (58 Occurrences)

Taketh (398 Occurrences)

Goods (231 Occurrences)

Negeb (37 Occurrences)

Negev (39 Occurrences)

Table (125 Occurrences)

Opposite (137 Occurrences)

Heritage (435 Occurrences)

Youngest (26 Occurrences)

Canaan: Land of Spies Sent Into, by Moses
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