Topical Encyclopedia In biblical times, a census was an official enumeration or counting of the population, often conducted for administrative, military, or taxation purposes. The concept of a census is mentioned several times in the Scriptures, with varying implications and outcomes.Old Testament Context The first significant mention of a census in the Bible occurs in the Book of Exodus. God commands Moses to take a census of the Israelites, but with a specific purpose and stipulation. In Exodus 30:11-16 , the Lord instructs Moses: "When you take a census of the Israelites to number them, each one must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted. Then no plague will come upon them when you number them." This ransom, or poll tax, was a half-shekel offering to the Lord, serving as atonement for the people's lives and as a means to prevent divine judgment. The census in this context was not merely for counting the population but was deeply tied to spiritual and covenantal obligations. The payment of the half-shekel was a reminder of the Israelites' dependence on God and their redemption from Egypt. It also provided for the maintenance of the Tabernacle, as the collected silver was used for its service. David's Census Another notable census occurs during the reign of King David, as recorded in 2 Samuel 24 and 1 Chronicles 21. David orders a census of Israel and Judah, which incurs God's wrath. The reason for God's displeasure is not explicitly stated, but it is often interpreted as an act of pride or reliance on military strength rather than trust in God. In 2 Samuel 24:10 , David himself acknowledges his sin: "David’s conscience after he had numbered the troops. And he said to the LORD, 'I have sinned greatly in what I have done. Now, O LORD, please take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.'" The consequence of this census was a severe plague that struck Israel, demonstrating the seriousness of disobedience and the importance of relying on God rather than human resources. New Testament Context In the New Testament, a census plays a crucial role in the narrative of Jesus' birth. Luke 2:1-3 records: "Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. This was the first census to take place while Quirinius was governor of Syria. And everyone went to his own town to register." This decree led Joseph and Mary to travel to Bethlehem, fulfilling the prophecy of the Messiah's birthplace (Micah 5:2). The Roman census was primarily for taxation and administrative purposes, reflecting the broader imperial control over the Jewish people. It underscores the political and social context into which Jesus was born, highlighting the fulfillment of prophecy amidst worldly governance. Theological Implications Censuses in the Bible often carry theological significance beyond mere population counting. They serve as reminders of God's sovereignty, the need for atonement, and the dangers of human pride. The poll tax associated with censuses in the Old Testament underscores the principle that every life is valuable and accountable to God. It also illustrates the tension between divine command and human authority, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture. In summary, biblical censuses are multifaceted events that reflect God's covenantal relationship with His people, the importance of obedience, and the fulfillment of divine prophecy. Nave's Topical Index Exodus 30:12-16When you take the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul to the LORD, when you number them; that there be no plague among them, when you number them. Nave's Topical Index Exodus 38:26 Library Enrollment by Households in Egypt Travelling in Palestine --Roads, Inns, Hospitality, Custom-House ... The Political Constitution of Egypt Resources Where was Jesus born? | GotQuestions.orgWhat was the sanctuary shekel? | GotQuestions.org Where did Jesus live? | GotQuestions.org Census: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus |
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