Topical Bible: Contracts: Between Abraham and Abimelech, Concerning Wells of Water

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The biblical account of the contract between Abraham and Abimelech concerning wells of water is found in Genesis 21:22-34. This narrative highlights the importance of peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different peoples, as well as the significance of water as a vital resource in the ancient Near East.

Context and Background

Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelites, had settled in the region of Gerar, which was under the rule of King Abimelech. During this time, water was a precious commodity, essential for survival and prosperity, especially in the arid landscapes of the region. Wells, therefore, were of great strategic and economic importance.

The Dispute and Resolution

The account begins with Abimelech approaching Abraham, recognizing God's favor upon him. Abimelech, accompanied by Phicol, the commander of his army, seeks to establish a covenant of peace with Abraham. In Genesis 21:23 , Abimelech says, "Now, therefore, swear to me here before God that you will not deal falsely with me or my children or my descendants. Show to me and the land where you reside as a foreigner the same kindness that I have shown to you."

Abraham agrees to this request, but he also brings up a grievance regarding a well of water that Abimelech's servants had seized. This indicates that disputes over water rights were common and could lead to tension between different groups. Abimelech responds by claiming ignorance of the incident, stating in Genesis 21:26 , "I do not know who has done this. You did not tell me, and I have not heard about it until today."

To resolve the issue, Abraham takes proactive steps to ensure clarity and peace. He gives sheep and cattle to Abimelech, and the two men make a covenant. Additionally, Abraham sets apart seven ewe lambs as a witness that he had dug the well. Abimelech accepts these lambs, and the place is named Beersheba, which means "Well of the Oath" or "Well of Seven," signifying the oath made between them.

Significance of the Covenant

This covenant between Abraham and Abimelech is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it underscores the importance of peaceful negotiations and the establishment of clear agreements to prevent future conflicts. The act of making a covenant was a solemn and binding agreement, often involving oaths and the exchange of gifts or sacrifices.

Secondly, the narrative highlights the role of divine providence and favor in the lives of the patriarchs. Abimelech's recognition of God's blessing upon Abraham serves as a testament to the divine promise and protection over Abraham and his descendants.

Lastly, the account of the well at Beersheba becomes a lasting symbol of the covenant and cooperation between Abraham and Abimelech. It serves as a reminder of the necessity of securing essential resources like water through peaceful means and mutual respect.

Legacy

The well at Beersheba and the covenant made there continued to hold significance in the biblical narrative. Beersheba became an important location in the history of Israel, often mentioned in conjunction with the patriarchs. The account of Abraham and Abimelech's agreement over the well serves as an early example of diplomacy and the importance of maintaining harmonious relationships with neighboring peoples.

Nave's Topical Index

Genesis 21:25-32
And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which Abimelech's servants had violently taken away.
Nave's Topical Index

Library

The First Chaldaean Empire and the Hyksos in Egypt
... in the habit of dating the contracts of private ... The two Rawlinsons intercalate
Kudur-lagamar between Kudur-nakhunta ... one of the events in the life of Abraham. ...
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