Topical Bible: Poetry: Elegy: Upon the Death of Abner

◄ Poetry: Elegy: Upon the Death of Abner ►

Topical Encyclopedia

The elegy upon the death of Abner is a poignant piece of biblical poetry found in the Old Testament, specifically in 2 Samuel 3:33-34. This lament is attributed to King David, who mourns the death of Abner, the commander of Saul's army. Abner's death occurs during a tumultuous period in Israel's history, marked by the transition of power from the house of Saul to David.

Context and Background

Abner, son of Ner, was a prominent military leader and a key figure in the house of Saul. After Saul's death, Abner initially supported Ish-bosheth, Saul's son, as king over Israel. However, due to a falling out with Ish-bosheth, Abner sought to transfer his allegiance to David, the anointed king of Judah. This political maneuvering was cut short when Joab, David's military commander, deceitfully killed Abner to avenge the death of his brother Asahel, whom Abner had slain in battle.

David's lament over Abner is significant, as it underscores his respect for Abner and his desire to distance himself from the treacherous act committed by Joab. The elegy serves to honor Abner's memory and to publicly express David's grief and disapproval of the murder.

Text of the Elegy

The elegy is recorded in 2 Samuel 3:33-34 :

"Then the king sang this lament for Abner:
'Should Abner die the death of a fool?
Your hands were not bound,
your feet were not fettered;
as one falls before the wicked,
you have fallen.'"

Analysis

The structure of the elegy is simple yet profound, consisting of rhetorical questions and vivid imagery. David begins by questioning the manner of Abner's death, implying that it was unworthy of a man of his stature. The phrase "the death of a fool" suggests that Abner's death was unjust and ignoble, contrasting with the honor he deserved as a warrior and leader.

David emphasizes that Abner was not captured or restrained ("Your hands were not bound, your feet were not fettered"), highlighting the treachery of his murder. This imagery evokes a sense of vulnerability and betrayal, as Abner was killed under the guise of peace.

The final line, "as one falls before the wicked, you have fallen," reinforces the injustice of Abner's death. It suggests that Abner fell victim to wickedness and deceit, rather than in honorable combat. This lamentation not only mourns Abner but also serves as a public denunciation of Joab's actions, distancing David from the bloodshed and affirming his commitment to justice and righteousness.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the elegy upon the death of Abner reflects themes of justice, honor, and the sanctity of life. David's lamentation underscores the belief that even in times of political strife, the taking of life unjustly is a grievous act. It also highlights the importance of mourning and honoring those who have fallen, regardless of past allegiances.

David's response to Abner's death exemplifies the biblical principle of leaving vengeance to God, as seen in Romans 12:19 : "Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God's wrath. For it is written: 'Vengeance is Mine, I will repay, says the Lord.'" David's lamentation serves as a reminder of the value of mercy and the pursuit of justice in accordance with God's will.