Topical Bible: Tax: The RV Changes the Reading to Enrolled Instead of Taxed

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In the context of biblical studies, the term "tax" often refers to the financial obligations imposed by governing authorities on individuals and communities. The concept of taxation is present throughout the Bible, reflecting the socio-political realities of ancient times. However, a notable textual variation occurs in the Revised Version (RV) of the Bible, where the term "taxed" is replaced with "enrolled" in certain passages, most prominently in the account of the census during the time of Jesus' birth.

Biblical Context and Usage

The most significant reference to taxation in the New Testament is found in the Gospel of Luke, which describes the decree from Caesar Augustus that "all the world should be registered" (Luke 2:1). This registration, often understood as a census, was a means for the Roman Empire to assess the population for taxation purposes. The Berean Standard Bible translates this passage as follows: "In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world" (Luke 2:1).

The Revised Version's choice to use "enrolled" instead of "taxed" reflects a more precise understanding of the historical context. The process of enrollment was primarily for the purpose of creating a record of individuals, which would subsequently facilitate the imposition of taxes. Thus, while the immediate action was enrollment, the underlying motive was indeed related to taxation.

Old Testament References

In the Old Testament, taxation is also a recurring theme. The Israelites were subject to various forms of taxation, both under their own kings and foreign rulers. For instance, during the reign of Solomon, the people were heavily taxed to support the king's extensive building projects and royal court (1 Kings 12:4). The burden of these taxes eventually led to discontent and the division of the kingdom.

Additionally, the concept of a tithe, which is a form of religious taxation, is introduced in the Mosaic Law. The Israelites were commanded to give a tenth of their produce and livestock to support the Levites, the priesthood, and the poor (Leviticus 27:30-32; Deuteronomy 14:28-29).

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, Jesus addresses the issue of taxation in several instances. One of the most well-known teachings is found in the account of the Pharisees and Herodians attempting to trap Jesus with the question of paying taxes to Caesar. Jesus responds, "Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's" (Mark 12:17). This statement underscores the principle of fulfilling civic duties while maintaining spiritual obligations.

The Apostle Paul also instructs believers to be subject to governing authorities and to pay taxes, as these authorities are instituted by God for the maintenance of order and justice (Romans 13:6-7).

Historical and Theological Implications

The change from "taxed" to "enrolled" in the Revised Version highlights the importance of understanding the historical and cultural context of biblical events. While the immediate action described in Luke 2:1 was enrollment, the broader implication was the imposition of taxes by the Roman authorities. This distinction is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the socio-political environment during the time of Jesus' birth.

From a theological perspective, the Bible's teachings on taxation emphasize the believer's responsibility to fulfill civic duties while prioritizing their allegiance to God. The biblical narrative consistently presents taxation as a reality of life under human governance, yet it also calls for integrity, justice, and compassion in the administration and payment of taxes.

Nave's Topical Index

Luke 2:1-3
And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.
Nave's Topical Index

Library

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
... of Judah to the descendants of Solomon, and the repeated changes of dynasty in ... Judges
1:17, where Zephath is the better reading, and not ... [The RV reads "Moses ...
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