Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah, is a significant figure in the biblical narrative, particularly concerning the inheritance of the tribes of Israel. As the firstborn, Reuben held a position of prominence, yet his actions led to a shift in his inheritance and the blessings bestowed upon his descendants.

Biblical Background

Reuben's account begins in Genesis, where he is born to Jacob and Leah (Genesis 29:32). Despite his status as the firstborn, Reuben's actions had lasting consequences. In Genesis 35:22, Reuben is noted for having committed a grave sin by lying with Bilhah, his father's concubine. This act of indiscretion led to a loss of his birthright, as later recounted in 1 Chronicles 5:1-2: "The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel (he was the firstborn, but because he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph, son of Israel, so that he is not enrolled in the genealogy according to the birthright)."

Inheritance in the Promised Land

Despite the loss of the birthright, the tribe of Reuben received a portion of the inheritance in the Promised Land. The allocation of land to the tribe of Reuben is detailed in the Book of Numbers and the Book of Joshua. In Numbers 32, the Reubenites, along with the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh, request to settle in the land east of the Jordan River, which was suitable for their large herds and flocks. Moses grants their request on the condition that they assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan.

Joshua 13:15-23 provides a detailed account of the territory allotted to the tribe of Reuben. Their inheritance included the land from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Gorge and the town in the middle of the gorge, as well as the whole plateau past Medeba. The cities within their territory included Heshbon, Dibon, Bamoth-baal, and Beth-baal-meon, among others.

Significance and Legacy

The inheritance of Reuben holds both historical and theological significance. The tribe's location east of the Jordan River placed them on the periphery of the main body of Israel, which had implications for their role and influence among the tribes. Theologically, Reuben's account serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the loss of potential blessings due to disobedience. However, it also illustrates God's continued provision and the fulfillment of His promises to the descendants of Jacob.

Reuben's inheritance, while not as prominent as that of some other tribes, remains an integral part of the narrative of the Israelites' settlement in the Promised Land. The tribe's history is a testament to the complexities of familial relationships, the impact of personal choices, and the overarching sovereignty of God in the distribution of the land among His people.