Biblical Context:
The Delegation to the Eastern Tribes is a significant event recorded in the Book of Joshua, specifically in Joshua 22. This event occurs after the Israelites, under Joshua's leadership, have largely completed the conquest of Canaan and are settling into their allotted territories. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had been granted land on the eastern side of the Jordan River, as per their request to Moses (Numbers 32). They had fulfilled their commitment to assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan and were now returning to their own inheritance.

The Altar of Witness:
Upon their return, the eastern tribes built a large altar by the Jordan River. This action was quickly misunderstood by the other Israelite tribes, who perceived it as a potential act of rebellion against the LORD. The concern was that this altar might represent a separate place of worship, contrary to the central sanctuary established by God, which could lead to idolatry and division among the people.

The Delegation:
In response to this perceived threat, the western tribes assembled at Shiloh to prepare for possible conflict. However, before taking military action, they wisely decided to send a delegation to investigate the matter. This delegation was led by Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, and included ten chiefs, one from each of the western tribes (Joshua 22:13-14).

The Inquiry:
The delegation approached the eastern tribes with a direct and serious inquiry, expressing their concern that the altar might signify a breach of faith against the LORD. They reminded the eastern tribes of past transgressions, such as the sin of Peor and Achan's sin, which had brought severe consequences upon the entire community (Joshua 22:16-20).

The Eastern Tribes' Defense:
The eastern tribes responded with a heartfelt defense, explaining that the altar was not intended for sacrifices or offerings. Instead, it was meant to serve as a "witness" between them and the western tribes, ensuring that future generations would recognize their shared heritage and worship of the LORD. They feared that in the future, the western tribes might deny them access to the LORD's sanctuary, so the altar was a symbol of unity and shared faith (Joshua 22:21-29).

Resolution and Reconciliation:
Upon hearing this explanation, Phinehas and the delegation were satisfied and relieved. They recognized the sincerity and faithfulness of the eastern tribes and praised God for preventing potential conflict. The delegation returned to the western tribes with the good news, and the matter was resolved peacefully. The altar was named "Witness," signifying the unity and shared worship of the LORD among all the tribes of Israel (Joshua 22:30-34).

Theological Significance:
This event underscores the importance of communication, understanding, and unity among God's people. It highlights the potential for misunderstanding and conflict when actions are misinterpreted, as well as the value of seeking clarification and reconciliation. The account also emphasizes the centrality of worship and the dangers of division within the covenant community. The resolution of this incident serves as a testament to the power of faithfulness and the pursuit of peace in accordance with God's will.