In biblical times, clothing held significant cultural and symbolic meaning, often reflecting one's social status, role, or spiritual condition. The term "gown" in the context of the Bible can be understood as a long, flowing garment, similar to a robe or tunic, which was a common article of clothing in ancient Near Eastern societies.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, garments were often indicative of one's position or authority. For instance, the high priest wore specific garments as prescribed by God, which included a robe (Exodus 28:4). These garments were not only functional but also symbolic of the priest's sacred duties and the holiness required in approaching God.

The gown or robe could also signify mourning or repentance. In Genesis 37:34, Jacob tore his garments and put on sackcloth as a sign of deep grief upon believing that his son Joseph was dead. Similarly, in the book of Esther, Mordecai donned sackcloth and ashes as a public display of mourning and distress (Esther 4:1).

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the gown or robe continues to carry symbolic weight. Jesus, in His parables, often used clothing as a metaphor for righteousness and readiness. In the Parable of the Wedding Banquet, the king notices a guest without a wedding garment and orders him to be cast out (Matthew 22:11-13). This parable underscores the necessity of being spiritually prepared and clothed in righteousness to enter the kingdom of heaven.

The robe also appears in the context of Jesus' crucifixion. The soldiers cast lots for His seamless robe, fulfilling the prophecy found in Psalm 22:18, "They divide My garments among them, and cast lots for My clothing" (John 19:23-24). This act highlights the fulfillment of Scripture and the humiliation Christ endured.

Symbolism and Spiritual Significance

Throughout Scripture, garments often symbolize spiritual truths. Isaiah 61:10 states, "I will rejoice greatly in the LORD; my soul will exult in my God. For He has clothed me with garments of salvation and wrapped me in a robe of righteousness." Here, the gown or robe represents the righteousness and salvation bestowed by God upon His people.

In Revelation, the imagery of white robes is prevalent, symbolizing purity and victory. Revelation 7:9 describes a great multitude standing before the throne, "clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands." These robes signify the believers' triumph over sin and their sanctification through the blood of the Lamb.

Cultural and Historical Insights

In ancient Israel, clothing was typically made from wool, linen, or sometimes cotton. The quality and color of the fabric could indicate wealth or status. For example, purple dye was expensive and often associated with royalty or the elite, as seen in the account of Lydia, a seller of purple goods (Acts 16:14).

The gown, as a long outer garment, was practical for the climate and lifestyle of the region. It provided protection from the sun and could be used as a blanket at night. The design and adornment of a gown could vary, with more elaborate garments reserved for special occasions or individuals of high status.

Conclusion

The gown, as depicted in the Bible, serves as a multifaceted symbol of authority, righteousness, and spiritual readiness. Its presence in both the Old and New Testaments underscores the importance of being clothed in the righteousness of God, prepared for His service, and ready for the eternal banquet in His kingdom.