The inhabitants of the land of Tema are mentioned in the Bible as a people living in the Arabian Peninsula. The region of Tema is associated with the descendants of Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar. Tema is listed as one of the sons of Ishmael in Genesis 25:13-15 : "These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, listed in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah."

Geographical Context

The land of Tema is traditionally identified with the oasis of Tayma, located in the northwestern part of modern-day Saudi Arabia. This area was a significant caravan stop on the trade routes connecting the Arabian Peninsula with the Levant and Mesopotamia. The strategic location of Tema made it an important center for commerce and cultural exchange in ancient times.

Biblical References

The inhabitants of Tema are mentioned in several biblical passages, often in the context of prophecy and judgment. In Isaiah 21:13-14 , the oracle concerning Arabia includes a reference to Tema: "This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites. Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema, meet the refugees with food."

This passage suggests that the people of Tema were known for their hospitality, providing water and sustenance to travelers and refugees. The mention of Tema in this context highlights the region's role as a place of refuge and support in the harsh desert environment.

In the book of Job, Tema is mentioned in a poetic context, emphasizing the vastness and desolation of the desert regions. Job 6:19 states, "The caravans of Tema look for water; the travelers of Sheba hope to find it." This verse underscores the reliance of desert dwellers on the scarce resources available in the arid landscape.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The inhabitants of Tema, as descendants of Ishmael, are part of the broader narrative of the Ishmaelite tribes that populated the Arabian Peninsula. These tribes played a significant role in the history and culture of the region, contributing to the development of trade networks and the spread of ideas and goods across the ancient Near East.

The biblical portrayal of Tema and its inhabitants reflects the interconnectedness of the peoples and cultures of the ancient world. The references to Tema in the prophetic literature of the Bible serve as reminders of the divine sovereignty over all nations and the unfolding of God's purposes in history.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the mention of Tema and its inhabitants in the Bible illustrates the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding his descendants. The Ishmaelites, including the people of Tema, are part of the broader narrative of God's covenantal relationship with humanity, demonstrating His faithfulness and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through history.

The biblical references to Tema also serve as a reminder of the moral and ethical responsibilities of hospitality and care for the needy, as exemplified by the inhabitants of Tema in their provision for travelers and refugees. This theme resonates with the broader biblical call to love and serve others, reflecting the character of God and His compassion for all people.