The heave-offering, a significant component of ancient Israelite worship, is a term used to describe a specific type of offering presented to the LORD. It is closely associated with the peace offerings and certain other sacrifices, where a portion of the offering was lifted or "heaved" as a symbolic gesture of presenting it to God. This act of elevation signified the offering's dedication to the LORD and was a physical representation of the worshiper's devotion and gratitude.

Biblical Foundation

The concept of the heave-offering is primarily found in the Pentateuch, where it is detailed as part of the sacrificial system instituted by God through Moses. In the context of peace offerings, the heave-offering consisted of specific portions of the sacrifice, such as the breast of the animal, which were set apart for the priests. This is outlined in the book of Leviticus:

"And from the sacrifices of your peace offerings, you are to present an offering made by fire to the LORD, the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on the entrails, the two kidneys with the fat on them at the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which you are to remove with the kidneys. Then Aaron’s sons are to burn it on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the burning wood, as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD." (Leviticus 3:3-5)

The heave-offering was not only a portion of the peace offerings but also included parts of other offerings, such as the grain offering. The heave-offering was a way to provide for the priests, who relied on these portions for their sustenance, as they had no inheritance of land among the Israelites.

Priestly Portion

The heave-offering was a vital means of support for the Levitical priesthood. As the tribe set apart for service to the LORD, the Levites and priests did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes. Instead, God provided for them through the offerings of the people. The heave-offering, therefore, served a dual purpose: it was an act of worship and a practical provision for those who ministered in the tabernacle and later in the temple.

"You are to give the right thigh to the priest as a contribution from your peace offering. The son of Aaron who presents the blood and fat of the peace offering shall have the right thigh as a portion. I have taken from the Israelites the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons as a perpetual portion from the Israelites." (Leviticus 7:32-34)

Symbolism and Significance

The heave-offering held deep symbolic meaning within the Israelite sacrificial system. By lifting a portion of the offering, the worshiper acknowledged God's sovereignty and expressed gratitude for His provision. It was a tangible reminder of the covenant relationship between God and His people, emphasizing the importance of obedience, reverence, and community support.

In the broader context of biblical theology, the heave-offering, like other offerings, pointed forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. As the perfect High Priest and the perfect offering, Christ fulfilled the sacrificial system, providing eternal sustenance and reconciliation with God for all who believe.

The heave-offering, therefore, is a testament to God's provision and the call for His people to live in faithful service and worship, recognizing His lordship over all aspects of life.Leviticus 7:14
And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering to the LORD, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

What is a free will offering / freewill offering? | GotQuestions.org

What is a wave offering? | GotQuestions.org

Questions about Leviticus | GotQuestions.org

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