Topical Bible: Murder: Described As Killing with Premeditation

◄ Murder: Described As Killing with Premeditation ►

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Topical Encyclopedia

Murder, as described in the Bible, is the unlawful and intentional taking of a human life with premeditation. It is distinguished from other forms of killing by its deliberate and malicious intent. The act of murder is explicitly condemned throughout Scripture, reflecting the sanctity of human life as created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27).

Old Testament References

The prohibition against murder is clearly articulated in the Ten Commandments: "You shall not murder" (Exodus 20:13). This commandment underscores the gravity of taking a life with premeditated intent. The Hebrew word used here, "רָצַח" (ratsach), specifically refers to unlawful killing, distinguishing it from other forms of killing such as accidental death or killing in war.

In Genesis 4, the first recorded murder occurs when Cain kills his brother Abel. This act of premeditated violence is met with divine judgment, as God says to Cain, "What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood cries out to Me from the ground" (Genesis 4:10). This narrative highlights the seriousness with which God views murder and the inherent value of human life.

The Mosaic Law further elaborates on the distinction between murder and other forms of killing. Numbers 35:16-21 provides guidelines for determining when a killing is considered murder, emphasizing the role of intent and premeditation. For example, if a person strikes another with an iron object and the victim dies, it is considered murder, and the perpetrator is to be put to death (Numbers 35:16).

New Testament References

In the New Testament, Jesus reaffirms the commandment against murder and expands on its implications. In the Sermon on the Mount, He teaches, "You have heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘Do not murder,’ and ‘Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment" (Matthew 5:21-22). Here, Jesus emphasizes the heart's condition, suggesting that harboring anger and hatred can be akin to the sin of murder.

The apostle Paul also addresses the issue of murder in his epistles. In Romans 13:9, he reiterates the commandment, "You shall not murder," as part of the moral law that believers are to uphold. Paul’s writings consistently reflect the understanding that murder is a grave sin that violates God's law and the inherent dignity of human life.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, murder is not only a crime against humanity but also a sin against God. It is an affront to the Creator, who has endowed each person with intrinsic worth and purpose. The act of murder disrupts the divine order and reflects the fallen nature of humanity.

The Bible also offers hope for redemption and forgiveness for those who have committed murder. Through repentance and faith in Jesus Christ, even the gravest sins can be forgiven, as exemplified by the apostle Paul, who was once a persecutor and murderer of Christians but became a leading figure in the early Church (Acts 9:1-22).

Conclusion

While the Bible unequivocally condemns murder, it also provides a path to restoration and reconciliation with God. The teachings of Scripture call believers to uphold the sanctity of life and to seek justice and mercy in all their dealings.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Exodus 21:14
But if a man come presumptuously on his neighbor, to slay him with guile; you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

The Struggle for Life
... state, when he was in the condition described by Mr ... the first place it produces fitness
by killing off the ... massacre of the innocent, the rout and murder of the ...
/.../the lowell lectures on the ascent of man/chapter vi the struggle for.htm