Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up to attack Hoshea, who had been Shalmaneser’s vassal and had paid him tribute. New Living Translation King Shalmaneser of Assyria attacked King Hoshea, so Hoshea was forced to pay heavy tribute to Assyria. English Standard Version Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria. And Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. Berean Standard Bible Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. King James Bible Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. New King James Version Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea became his vassal, and paid him tribute money. New American Standard Bible Shalmaneser the king of Assyria marched against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute. NASB 1995 Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute. NASB 1977 Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute. Legacy Standard Bible Shalmaneser king of Assyria went up against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute. Amplified Bible Shalmaneser [V] king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute (money). Christian Standard Bible King Shalmaneser of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. Holman Christian Standard Bible Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute money. American Standard Version Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute. Contemporary English Version During Hoshea's rule, King Shalmaneser of Assyria invaded Israel; he took control of the country and made Hoshea pay taxes. English Revised Version Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him presents. GOD'S WORD® Translation King Shalmaneser of Assyria defeated Hoshea, who became his servant and was required to make annual payments to him. Good News Translation Emperor Shalmaneser of Assyria made war against him; Hoshea surrendered to Shalmaneser and paid him tribute every year. International Standard Version King Shalmaneser of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid tribute to him. NET Bible King Shalmaneser of Assyria threatened him; Hoshea became his subject and paid him tribute. New Heart English Bible Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute. Webster's Bible Translation Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleShalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. World English Bible Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute. Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionShalmaneser king of Asshur came up against him, and Hoshea is a servant to him, and renders a present to him. Young's Literal Translation against him came up Shalmaneser king of Asshur, and Hoshea is to him a servant, and doth render to him a present. Smith's Literal Translation Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Amur; and Hoshea will be to him a servant, and he will turn back to him a gift. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAgainst him came up Salmanasar king of the Assyrians, and Osee became his servant, and paid him tribute. Catholic Public Domain Version Shalmaneser, the king of the Assyrians, ascended against him. And Hoshea became a servant to him, and he paid him tribute. New American Bible Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, advanced against him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. New Revised Standard Version King Shalmaneser of Assyria came up against him; Hoshea became his vassal, and paid him tribute. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAgainst him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Shalmanesar, King of Assyria, went up against him, and Hosha was a Servant to him and he brought him a gift. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him presents. Brenton Septuagint Translation Against him came up Salamanassar king of the Assyrians; and Osee became his servant, and rendered him tribute. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Hoshea the Last King of Israel…2And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, but not like the kings of Israel who preceded him. 3Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. 4But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea had conspired to send envoys to King So of Egypt, and that he had not paid tribute to the king of Assyria as in previous years. Therefore the king of Assyria arrested Hoshea and put him in prison.… Cross References 2 Kings 18:9-12 In the fourth year of Hezekiah’s reign, which was the seventh year of the reign of Hoshea son of Elah over Israel, Shalmaneser king of Assyria marched against Samaria and besieged it. / And at the end of three years, the Assyrians captured it. So Samaria was captured in the sixth year of Hezekiah, which was the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel. / The king of Assyria exiled the Israelites to Assyria and settled them in Halah, in Gozan by the Habor River, and in the cities of the Medes. ... 2 Kings 18:13 In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah. 2 Kings 19:36-37 So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there. / One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer put him to the sword and escaped to the land of Ararat. And his son Esar-haddon reigned in his place. Isaiah 36:1 In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah. Isaiah 37:37-38 So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there. / One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer put him to the sword and escaped to the land of Ararat. And his son Esar-haddon reigned in his place. Hosea 10:6 Yes, it will be carried to Assyria as tribute to the great king. Ephraim will be seized with shame; Israel will be ashamed of its wooden idols. Hosea 13:16 Samaria will bear her guilt because she has rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword; their little ones will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women ripped open. Amos 3:11 Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: “An enemy will surround the land; he will pull down your strongholds and plunder your citadels.” Amos 5:27 Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the LORD, whose name is the God of Hosts. Micah 1:6 Therefore I will make Samaria a heap of rubble in the open field, a planting area for a vineyard. I will pour her stones into the valley and expose her foundations. Matthew 24:15-16 So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ spoken of by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand), / then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. Luke 21:20-24 But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near. / Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city. / For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written. ... John 11:48 If we let Him go on like this, everyone will believe in Him, and then the Romans will come and take away both our place and our nation.” Acts 7:43 You have taken along the tabernacle of Molech and the star of your god Rephan, the idols you made to worship. Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Babylon.’ Romans 11:25-26 I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you will not be conceited: A hardening in part has come to Israel, until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. / And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: “The Deliverer will come from Zion; He will remove godlessness from Jacob. Treasury of Scripture Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. 2 Kings 18:9 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it. Hosea 10:14 Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children. Shalman 2 Kings 15:19,29 And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand… 2 Kings 16:7 So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me. 2 Kings 18:13 Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them. and Hoshea 2 Kings 16:8 And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the king of Assyria. 2 Kings 18:14-16,31 And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold… gave [heb] rendered 2 Samuel 8:2,6 And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts… Jump to Previous Asshur Assyria Attack Hoshea Hoshe'a Offerings Paid Present Presents Render Servant Shalmaneser Shalmane'ser Tribute VassalJump to Next Asshur Assyria Attack Hoshea Hoshe'a Offerings Paid Present Presents Render Servant Shalmaneser Shalmane'ser Tribute Vassal2 Kings 17 1. Hoshea the Last King of Israel3. Being subdued by Shalmaneser, he conspires against him with So, king of Egypt 5. Samaria for sinning is led into captivity 24. The strange nations transplanted into Samaria make a mixture of religions. Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him Shalmaneser V was the king of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC. Assyria was a dominant empire known for its military prowess and expansionist policies. The Assyrian Empire, located in what is now northern Iraq, was a significant power in the ancient Near East. Shalmaneser's attack on Israel was part of Assyria's broader strategy to control the region. This event marks a pivotal moment in Israel's history, leading to the eventual fall of Samaria and the northern kingdom. The Assyrian policy of deportation and resettlement was a tool to prevent rebellion and assimilate conquered peoples, which would later be seen in the exile of the Israelites. and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute Persons / Places / Events 1. ShalmaneserThe king of Assyria who attacked Israel. His reign marked a period of Assyrian expansion and dominance in the region. 2. Hoshea The last king of Israel, who became a vassal to Shalmaneser. His reign ended with the fall of Samaria and the exile of the Israelites. 3. Assyria A powerful empire in the ancient Near East, known for its military prowess and expansionist policies. 4. Israel The northern kingdom, distinct from Judah, which faced political instability and idolatry leading to its downfall. 5. Tribute A payment made by one nation to another, often as a sign of submission or for protection. Teaching Points The Consequences of DisobedienceIsrael's subjugation to Assyria was a direct result of their disobedience to God. This serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness and obedience to God's commands. The Danger of Compromise Hoshea's decision to become a vassal reflects a compromise that ultimately led to Israel's downfall. Believers are called to stand firm in their faith and avoid compromising with worldly powers. Trust in God, Not in Human Alliances Israel's reliance on Assyria instead of God highlights the futility of trusting in human alliances. Christians are encouraged to place their trust in God alone, who is sovereign over all nations. The Role of Leadership Hoshea's leadership choices had significant consequences for the entire nation. This underscores the responsibility of leaders to seek God's guidance and lead with integrity. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of 2 Kings 17:3?2. How did Shalmaneser king of Assyria influence Israel's political situation in 2 Kings 17:3? 3. What does 2 Kings 17:3 reveal about Israel's reliance on foreign powers? 4. How can we avoid compromising our faith like Hoshea in 2 Kings 17:3? 5. What other biblical instances show consequences of alliances with foreign nations? 6. How can we trust God instead of worldly powers in challenging situations? 7. Why did Shalmaneser king of Assyria attack Hoshea in 2 Kings 17:3? 8. How does 2 Kings 17:3 reflect God's judgment on Israel? 9. What historical evidence supports the events in 2 Kings 17:3? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 17? 11. Did an oppressor “from Hamath to the valley of the Arabah” (Amos 6:14) truly arise, and is there historical proof of this event? 12. 2 Kings 15:19 speaks of Menahem paying tribute to Pul, king of Assyria—do extrabiblical sources confirm this tribute or Pul’s identity? 13. Isaiah 10:7–11: Is there sufficient historical or archaeological evidence supporting the extensive conquests described here? 14. How could water supernaturally appear in a desert valley without rain or wind (2 Kings 3:17)? What Does 2 Kings 17:3 Mean Shalmaneser king of AssyriaShalmaneser V sits on the Assyrian throne (2 Kings 18:9–11), the latest in a long line of conquerors God has allowed to rise for His own purposes (Isaiah 10:5–6). The name immediately signals to readers that Israel, the northern kingdom, is now facing the dominant world power of the day. Earlier kings had already felt Assyria’s pressure (2 Kings 15:19–20; 16:7–9). By the time Shalmaneser marches, decades of prophetic warnings—think Amos 3:11 or Hosea 10:6—are coming to a head. God has not lost control; rather, He is actively directing history, using a pagan ruler to discipline His covenant people just as the Law had forewarned (Leviticus 26:25; Deuteronomy 28:49). attacked him “Him” points back to Hoshea, Israel’s final king (2 Kings 17:1). The assault is no random geopolitical move. Scripture repeatedly ties Assyrian aggression to Israel’s persistent sin: • 2 Kings 17:7–17 catalogs the nation’s idolatry, closing with, “Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and He removed them from His presence” (v.18). • Deuteronomy 28:47–52 had predicted that disobedience would bring “a nation from far away” that would “besiege all the cities.” The attack is the outworking of covenant consequences. God’s Word proves true in real time—historically, militarily, and spiritually. Hoshea became his vassal Hoshea’s submission signals the end of Israel’s independence. A vassal king must pledge loyalty, keep the peace, and often hand over hostages (cf. 2 Kings 18:13–14 where Hezekiah faces similar terms). Notice the shift: • Hoshea once plotted against Pekah to seize the throne (2 Kings 15:30), but now he himself is forced to bow. • Proverbs 21:1 reminds us, “The king’s heart is in the hand of the LORD”; Hoshea’s political maneuvering cannot override divine sovereignty. Becoming a vassal exposes the emptiness of trusting alliances and power plays instead of the LORD (Hosea 7:11–13). and paid him tribute Tribute is more than a money transfer; it is a symbol of ownership. Hoshea’s annual payments (2 Kings 17:4 hints it was “yearly”) probably included silver, gold, produce, and manpower. The tribute: • Drains Israel’s economy, fulfilling Deuteronomy 28:43–44, “The foreigner among you will rise higher…you will become the borrower.” • Advertises humiliation—envoys would publicly deliver the payment (2 Kings 18:14 b, 15). • Reveals that sin is costly; rejecting God always results in servitude, whether political or spiritual (Romans 6:16). summary 2 Kings 17:3 records a literal historical moment loaded with spiritual meaning. God raises Shalmaneser, unleashes an attack, forces Hoshea into vassalage, and extracts tribute—all exactly as His Word had promised for persistent rebellion. The verse stands as a sober reminder that the LORD keeps covenant blessings and covenant warnings alike, steering nations and individuals toward the outcomes He has declared. (3) Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria.--Shalmaneser IV. (Shalmanu-ushshir, "Shalman be gracious!"), the successor of Tiglath Pileser II., and predecessor of Sargon, reigned 727-722 B.C. No annals of his reign have come down to us in the cuneiform inscriptions, but a fragment of the Eponyra-list notes foreign expeditions for the three successive years 725-723 B.C. This agrees with what Menander states (Josephus, Ant. ix. 14, 2), according to whom Shalmaneser made an expedition against Tyre (and no doubt Israel, as the ally of Tyre), which lasted five years--i.e., was continued beyond Shalmaneser's reign into that of Sargon. Nothing is known of the death of Shalmaneser.Verse 3. - Against him came up Shal-maneser King of Assyria. Shalmaneser's succession to Tiglath-pileser on the throne of Assyria, once doubted, is now rendered certain by the Eponym Canon, which makes him ascend the throne in B.C. 727, and cease to reign in B.C. 722. It is uncertain whether he was Tiglath-pileser's son or a usurper. The name, Shalmaneser (Sali-manu-uzur) was an old royal name in Assyria, and signified "Shalman protects" (compare the names Nabu-kudur-uzur, Nergal-asar-uzur, Nabu-pal-uzur, etc.). And Hoshea became his servant. Hoshea had been placed on the throne by Tiglath-pileser ('Eponym Canon,' pp. 123, 124, lines 17,18), and had paid him tribute (ibid., lines 18, 19). We must suppose that on Tiglath-pileser's death, in B.C. 727, he had revolted, and resumed his independence. Shalmaneser. having become king, probably came up against Hoshea in the same year, and forced him to resume his position of Assyrian tributary. This may have been the time when "Shalman spoiled Beth-Arbel in the day of battle" (Dos. 10:14), defeating Hoshea near that place (Arbela, now Irbid, in Galilee), and taking it. And gave him presents; or, rendered him tribute, as in the margin of the Authorized Version.Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Shalmaneserשַׁלְמַנְאֶ֖סֶר (šal·man·’e·ser) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 8022: Shalmaneser -- a king of Assyr king מֶ֣לֶךְ (me·leḵ) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 4428: A king of Assyria אַשּׁ֑וּר (’aš·šūr) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 804: Ashshur attacked עָלָ֣יו (‘ā·lāw) Preposition | third person masculine singular Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against him, עָלָ֔ה (‘ā·lāh) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively and Hoshea הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ (hō·wō·šê·a‘) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 1954: Hoshea -- 'salvation', the name of several Israelites became וַֽיְהִי־ (way·hî-) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be his vassal עֶ֔בֶד (‘e·ḇeḏ) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 5650: Slave, servant and paid וַיָּ֥שֶׁב (way·yā·šeḇ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 7725: To turn back, in, to retreat, again him tribute. מִנְחָֽה׃ (min·ḥāh) Noun - feminine singular Strong's 4503: A donation, tribute, a sacrificial offering Links 2 Kings 17:3 NIV2 Kings 17:3 NLT 2 Kings 17:3 ESV 2 Kings 17:3 NASB 2 Kings 17:3 KJV 2 Kings 17:3 BibleApps.com 2 Kings 17:3 Biblia Paralela 2 Kings 17:3 Chinese Bible 2 Kings 17:3 French Bible 2 Kings 17:3 Catholic Bible OT History: 2 Kings 17:3 Against him came up Shalmaneser king (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg) |
    |