2 Samuel 23:38
New International Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite

New Living Translation
Ira from Jattir; Gareb from Jattir;

English Standard Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Berean Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

King James Bible
Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,

New King James Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

New American Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

NASB 1995
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

NASB 1977
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Legacy Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Amplified Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Christian Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

American Standard Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

English Revised Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Ira (descendant of Ithra), Gareb (descendant of Ithra),

International Standard Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

NET Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite

New Heart English Bible
Ira the Jattirite, Gareb the Jattirite,

Webster's Bible Translation
Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

World English Bible
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Young's Literal Translation
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

Smith's Literal Translation
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Ira the Jethrite, Gareb also a Jethrite;

Catholic Public Domain Version
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb also an Ithrite,

New American Bible
Ira, from Jattir; Gareb, from Jattir;

New Revised Standard Version
Ira the Ithrite; Gareb the Ithrite;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Hira the Ithrite, Arab of Lachish.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Khira, who was from Yathir, Arab, which was from Lekhish
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Iras the Ethirite. Gerab the Ethenite.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David's Mighty Men
37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah, 38Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 39and Uriah the Hittite. There were thirty-seven in all.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 11:40
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

2 Samuel 21:15-22
Once again the Philistines waged war against Israel, and David and his servants went down and fought against the Philistines. But David became exhausted. / Then Ishbi-benob, a descendant of Rapha, whose bronze spear weighed three hundred shekels and who was bearing a new sword, resolved to kill David. / But Abishai son of Zeruiah came to his aid, struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then David’s men swore to him, “You must never again go out with us to battle, so that the lamp of Israel may not be extinguished.” ...

1 Chronicles 20:4-8
Some time later, war broke out with the Philistines at Gezer. At that time Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, a descendant of the Rephaim, and the Philistines were subdued. / Once again there was a battle with the Philistines, and Elhanan son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. / And there was also a battle at Gath, where there was a man of great stature with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all. He too was descended from Rapha, ...

1 Samuel 17:45-50
But David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. / This day the LORD will deliver you into my hand. This day I will strike you down, cut off your head, and give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air and the creatures of the earth. Then the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. / And all those assembled here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the LORD saves; for the battle is the LORD’s, and He will give all of you into our hands.” ...

2 Samuel 22:1-4
And David sang this song to the LORD on the day the LORD had delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. / He said: “The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. / My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence. ...

1 Chronicles 18:12-13
Moreover, Abishai son of Zeruiah struck down eighteen thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt. / He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites were subject to David. So the LORD made David victorious wherever he went.

1 Samuel 14:6-15
Jonathan said to the young man bearing his armor, “Come, let us cross over to the outpost of these uncircumcised men. Perhaps the LORD will work on our behalf. Nothing can hinder the LORD from saving, whether by many or by few.” / His armor-bearer replied, “Do all that is in your heart. Go ahead; I am with you heart and soul.” / “Very well,” said Jonathan, “we will cross over toward these men and show ourselves to them. ...

2 Samuel 8:13-14
And David made a name for himself when he returned from striking down eighteen thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt. / He placed garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites were subject to David. So the LORD made David victorious wherever he went.

1 Chronicles 19:10-19
When Joab saw the battle lines before him and behind him, he selected some of the best men of Israel and arrayed them against the Arameans. / And he placed the rest of the troops under the command of his brother Abishai, who arrayed them against the Ammonites. / “If the Arameans are too strong for me,” said Joab, “then you will come to my rescue. And if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come to your rescue. ...

1 Samuel 23:1-5
Now it was reported to David, “Look, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah and looting the threshing floors.” / So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go and attack these Philistines?” And the LORD said to David, “Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.” / But David’s men said to him, “Look, we are afraid here in Judah; how much more if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?” ...

2 Samuel 5:17-25
When the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over Israel, they all went in search of him; but David learned of this and went down to the stronghold. / Now the Philistines had come and spread out in the Valley of Rephaim. / So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?” “Go up,” replied the LORD, “for I will surely deliver the Philistines into your hand.” ...

1 Chronicles 14:8-17
When the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over all Israel, they all went in search of him; but David learned of this and went out to face them. / Now the Philistines had come and raided the Valley of Rephaim. / So David inquired of God, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?” “Go,” replied the LORD, “for I will deliver them into your hand.” ...

2 Samuel 10:9-14
When Joab saw the battle lines before him and behind him, he selected some of the best men of Israel and arrayed them against the Arameans. / And he placed the rest of the troops under the command of his brother Abishai, who arrayed them against the Ammonites. / “If the Arameans are too strong for me,” said Joab, “then you will come to my rescue. And if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come to your rescue. ...

1 Chronicles 11:10-14
Now these were the chiefs of David’s mighty men, who, together with all Israel, bolstered and strengthened his kingdom, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. / This is the list of David’s mighty men: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni was chief of the officers; he wielded his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed at one time. / Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men. ...

2 Samuel 23:8-12
These are the names of David’s mighty men: Josheb-basshebeth the Tahchemonite was chief of the Three. He wielded his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killed at one time. / Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. As one of the three mighty men, he went with David to taunt the Philistines who had gathered for battle at Pas-dammim. The men of Israel retreated, / but Eleazar stood his ground and struck the Philistines until his hand grew weary and stuck to his sword. The LORD brought about a great victory that day. Then the troops returned to him, but only to plunder the dead. ...


Treasury of Scripture

Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,

Ira

2 Samuel 20:26
And Ira also the Jairite was a chief ruler about David.

1 Chronicles 2:53
And the families of Kirjathjearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zareathites, and the Eshtaulites.

1 Chronicles 11:40
Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

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Gareb Ira Ithrite
2 Samuel 23
1. David, in his last words, professes his faith in God's promises
6. The different state of the wicked
8. A catalogue of David's mighty men














Ira the Ithrite
Ira is listed among David's mighty warriors, a group of elite soldiers who played a crucial role in establishing and maintaining David's kingdom. The mention of Ira as an Ithrite suggests his origin from the clan of Ithrites, which is associated with the tribe of Judah. This connection to Judah is significant, as it aligns with the prophecy that the Messiah would come from the tribe of Judah (Genesis 49:10). The inclusion of Ira in this list highlights the diverse backgrounds of those who supported David, reflecting the unity and strength found in God's chosen people. Ira's loyalty and valor are emblematic of the qualities that God values in His servants.

Gareb the Ithrite
Gareb, like Ira, is identified as an Ithrite, indicating his membership in the same clan. The repetition of the term "Ithrite" underscores the importance of familial and tribal affiliations in ancient Israelite society. These connections often determined one's role and status within the community. Gareb's presence among David's mighty men suggests that he, too, was a warrior of notable skill and bravery. The Ithrites' association with David's reign points to the fulfillment of God's promises to David, as these warriors helped secure the kingdom that would eventually lead to the birth of Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of the Davidic covenant.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ira the Ithrite
Ira is listed among David's mighty warriors, known as the "Thirty." The term "Ithrite" likely refers to his clan or family lineage, possibly linked to the region of Jattir in Judah.

2. Gareb the Ithrite
Like Ira, Gareb is also one of David's mighty men. The repetition of "Ithrite" suggests a shared heritage or geographical origin with Ira, indicating a close association or kinship.

3. David's Mighty Warriors
This group, also known as "David's Mighty Men," were elite soldiers who played a crucial role in establishing and defending David's kingdom. They are celebrated for their bravery and loyalty.

4. The Thirty
A specific subgroup within David's mighty warriors, known for their exceptional skills and valor. They were instrumental in many of David's military victories.

5. The Kingdom of Israel
Under David's leadership, the kingdom was united and expanded. The mighty warriors were key figures in achieving this unity and strength.
Teaching Points
Loyalty and Brotherhood
The mention of Ira and Gareb highlights the importance of loyalty and brotherhood in achieving common goals. In our lives, fostering strong, supportive relationships can help us overcome challenges and achieve success.

Heritage and Identity
The designation "Ithrite" underscores the significance of heritage and identity. As Christians, our identity in Christ should be the foundation of our actions and decisions.

Courage in Service
David's mighty men exemplify courage and dedication in service to their king. Similarly, we are called to serve God with courage and commitment, trusting in His strength and guidance.

Unity in Diversity
The diverse backgrounds of David's warriors illustrate the power of unity in diversity. In the body of Christ, each member's unique gifts and perspectives contribute to the strength and mission of the church.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1. What is the meaning of 2 Samuel 23:38?

2. How does 2 Samuel 23:38 inspire us to be faithful in service?

3. What qualities of Ira the Ithrite can we emulate in our daily lives?

4. How does Ira's role connect with other biblical examples of loyalty and courage?

5. In what ways can we support our leaders as Ira supported David?

6. How can we apply Ira's dedication to our personal walk with Christ?

7. Who was Igal son of Nathan in 2 Samuel 23:38, and what was his significance?

8. Why is Igal's inclusion in David's mighty men list important for understanding biblical leadership?

9. How does 2 Samuel 23:38 contribute to the historical accuracy of David's reign?

10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 23?

11. Why does the list of David's mighty men in 1 Chronicles 11 differ from similar lists in other biblical passages like 2 Samuel 23, and can both be historically accurate?

12. (2 Samuel 23:2-3) If these are David's 'last words,' why do other chapters describe David speaking afterward?

13. 2 Samuel 14:2-3: Does Joab's use of a disguised woman to deceive David suggest a narrative hole, since such a ruse seems unlikely to fool a king?

14. (2 Samuel 23:8) How could one warrior realistically kill eight hundred men at one time?
What Does 2 Samuel 23:38 Mean
Ira the Ithrite

“ Ira the Ithrite …” (2 Samuel 23:38a)

• Ira is listed among David’s “mighty men,” the seasoned warriors who stood out for valor and loyalty (2 Samuel 23:8–39; 1 Chronicles 11:10–47).

• The descriptor “Ithrite” ties him to a clan descended from Kirjath-jearim in Judah (see 1 Chronicles 2:53). His presence shows that David’s elite force drew from diverse Judean families, not only the well-known tribes.

• Ira’s placement near the end of the list doesn’t indicate lesser value. God often highlights the overlooked (cf. Matthew 20:16). Every name on the roster shares equal honor because each one fulfilled his assignment faithfully (1 Corinthians 12:18-24).

• His mention right after “Joel the brother of Nathan” (v. 36) and “Bani the Gadite” (v. 37) underscores that courage, not pedigree, secured a spot among the thirty.

• By recording Ira’s name, Scripture assures believers that God remembers individual acts of devotion. Nothing done for the Lord is forgotten (Hebrews 6:10).


Gareb the Ithrite

“… Gareb the Ithrite.” (2 Samuel 23:38b)

• Like Ira, Gareb belongs to the Ithrite clan, suggesting two distinguished warriors rose from the same modest background. Their joint appearance reminds us that faithfulness can run in families and communities (Joshua 24:15).

• Gareb’s deeds are not detailed, yet inclusion in this roster confirms exemplary service. Scripture often commends people simply by naming them (Romans 16:1-16).

1 Chronicles 11:40 repeats his name, reinforcing accuracy and demonstrating that the chronicler and Samuel agree on the historical record.

• His presence near the close of the chapter parallels the way Scripture later cites “Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome” at the crucifixion (Mark 15:40-41): those who stood firm when others faltered are honored, even if their specific actions are not elaborated.

• Gareb’s silent testimony teaches that God values steadfast loyalty over public acclaim (Colossians 3:23-24).


summary

2 Samuel 23:38 is more than a brief roll call; it memorializes two faithful warriors whose courage helped secure David’s kingdom. By highlighting Ira and Gareb—ordinary men from the Ithrite clan—God showcases that steadfast devotion, not social status, earns lasting honor. Their inclusion encourages believers today: the Lord notices every act done in His service and records it for eternity.

Verse 38. - Ithrite. Of the family of Jether, of Kirjath-jearim (1 Chronicles 2:53). unless Ira and Gareb were two brothers of Amasa, and sons of Jether the husband of Abigail, David's sister (2 Samuel 17:25).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Ira
עִירָא֙ (‘î·rā)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5896: Ira -- three Israelites

the Ithrite,
הַיִּתְרִ֔י (hay·yiṯ·rî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3505: Ithrite -- descendant of Jethro

Gareb
גָּרֵ֖ב (gā·rêḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1619: Gareb -- one of David's men, also a hill near Jerusalem

the Ithrite,
הַיִּתְרִֽי׃ (hay·yiṯ·rî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3505: Ithrite -- descendant of Jethro


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OT History: 2 Samuel 23:38 Ira the Ithrite Gareb the Ithrite (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 23:37
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