Paul’s Concern for the Jews

1I speak the truth in Christ (the Anointed One); I am not lying, as confirmed by my conscience in the Holy Spirit {Hagiō Pneumati}. 2I have deep sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ (the Anointed One) for the sake of my brothers, my own flesh and blood, 4the people of Israel (He wrestles with God). Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory {doxa} and the covenants {diathēkai}; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. 5Theirs are the patriarchs {pateres}, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ (the Anointed One), who is God {Theos} over all, forever \to the ages/ worthy of praise (forever blessed)!a Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice
(Genesis 25:19–28; Malachi 1:1–5)

6It is not as though God’s {Theou} word has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel (He wrestles with God) are Israel. 7Nor because they are Abraham’s descendants (seed) are they all his children. On the contrary, “Through Isaac (he will laugh) your offspring will be reckoned <Gen 21:12>.”b 8So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s {Theou} children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring (seed). 9For this is what the promise stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah (lady) will have a son <Gen 18:14>.”c

10Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac (he will laugh). 11Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s {Theou} plan of election might stand, 12not by works (acts) but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger <Gen 25:23>.”d 13So it is written: “Jacob (he grasps the heel) I loved {ēgapēsa}, but Esau (hairy) I hated <Mal 1:2–3>.”e

14What then shall we say? Is God {theō} unjust (wickedness)? Certainly not! 15For He says to Moses (drawn out):

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy (compassion),

and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion <Exo 33:19>.”f

16So then, it does not depend on man’s desire or effort, but on God’s {Theou} mercy (compassion). 17For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power {dynamin} in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth <Exo 9:16>.”g 18Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

19One of you will say to me, “Then why does God still find fault? For who can resist His will?” 20But who are you, O man, to talk back to God {Theō}? Shall what is formed say to Him who formed it, “Why did You make me like this <Isa 29:16>?”h 21Does not the potter have the right to make from the same lump of clay one vessel for special occasions and another for common use?

22What if God {Theos}, intending to show His wrath and make His power known, bore with great patience the vessels of His wrath, prepared for destruction (ruin)? 23What if He did this to make the riches of His glory known to the vessels of His mercy (compassion), whom He prepared in advance for glory {doxan}— 24including us, whom He has called not only from the Jews (people of praise), but also from the Gentiles {ethnōn}? 25As He says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘My People’ who are not My people,

and I will call her ‘My Beloved {ēgapēmenēn}’ who is not My beloved <Hos 2:23>,”i

26and,

“It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them,

‘You⁺ are not My people,’

they will be called

‘sons of the living God <Hos 1:10>.’”j

27Isaiah (YHWH saves) cries out concerning Israel (He wrestles with God):

“Though the number of the Israelites is like the sand of the sea,

only the remnant will be saved.

28For the Lord {Kyrios} will carry out His sentence on the earth

thoroughly and decisively <Isa 10:22–23>.”k

29It is just as Isaiah (YHWH saves) foretold:

“Unless the Lord {Kyrios} of Hosts had left us descendants (seed),

we would have become like Sodom,

we would have resembled Gomorrah <Isa 1:9>.”l

Israel’s Unbelief

30What then will we say? That the Gentiles {ethnē}, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith; 31but Israel (He wrestles with God), who pursued a law of righteousness, has not attained it. 32Why not? Because their pursuit was not by faith, but as if it were by works (acts). They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33as it is written:

“See (Behold), I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling

and a rock of offense <Isa 8:14>;m

and the one who believes in Him

will never be put to shame <Isa 28:16>.”n