Song of Solomon 6
Berean Standard Bible Par ▾ 

Together in the Garden

The Friends

1Where has your beloved gone,

O most beautiful among women?

Which way has he turned?

We will seek him with you.

The Bride

2My beloved has gone down to his garden,

to the beds of spices,

to pasture his flock in the gardens

and to gather lilies.

3I belong to my beloved and he belongs to me;

he pastures his flock among the lilies.

The Bridegroom

4You are as beautiful, my darling, as Tirzah,

as lovely as Jerusalem,

as majestic as troops with banners.

5Turn your eyes away from me,

for they have overcome me.

Your hair is like a flock of goats

streaming down from Gilead.

6Your teeth are like a flock of sheep

coming up from the washing;

each has its twin,

and not one of them is lost.

7Your brow behind your veil

is like a slice of pomegranate.

8There are sixty queens and eighty concubines,

and maidens without number,

9but my dove, my perfect one, is unique,

the favorite of the mother who bore her.

The maidens see her and call her blessed;

the queens and concubines sing her praises.

The Friends

10Who is this who shines like the dawn,

as fair as the moon,

as bright as the sun,

as majestic as the stars in procession?

The Bridegroom

11I went down to the walnut grove

to see the blossoms of the valley,

to see if the vines were budding

or the pomegranates were in bloom.

12Before I realized it, my desire had set me

among the royal chariots of my people.a

The Friends

13Come back, come back, O Shulammite!

Come back, come back, that we may gaze upon you.

The Bridegroom

Why do you look at the Shulammite,

as on the dance of Mahanaimb?

Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible.

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Song of Solomon 6 Summary
Together in the Garden

Verses 1–3 – Seeking and Finding the Beloved
The bride’s friends ask, “Where has your beloved gone?” She knows exactly where he is—“My beloved has gone down to his garden” (v. 2). The couple’s mutual pledge is restated: “I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine; he browses among the lilies” (v. 3). Intimacy, exclusivity, and confidence shine through the dialogue.

Verses 4–7 – The Groom’s Renewed Praise
The groom greets his bride with royal language: “You are beautiful, my darling, like Tirzah, lovely as Jerusalem, majestic as banners unfurled” (v. 4). He repeats the familiar metaphors of goats (lustrous hair), sheep (teeth), and pomegranate (rosy cheeks), underlining his unwavering admiration.

Verses 8–9 – Her Unmatched Uniqueness
Among “sixty queens and eighty concubines” (v. 8) she is “my dove, my perfect one… unique” (v. 9). Even other women—queens, concubines, maidens—commend her. Covenant love singles out one person from every possible rival.

Verse 10 – Radiant Splendor Recognized
The onlookers marvel: “Who is this who shines like the dawn, as fair as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?” Her presence lights up the scene the way celestial bodies brighten the sky.

Verses 11–12 – A Garden Stroll and Sudden Elevation
The groom goes “down to the walnut grove” to inspect new growth (v. 11). Before he realizes it, love sweeps him up: “my desire had set me among the royal chariots of my people” (v. 12). Ordinary walks turn to royal pageants when love rules.

Verse 13 – The Call to the Shulammite
Spectators cry, “Come back, come back, O Shulammite” (v. 13). They long to watch “the dance of Mahanaim,” an enigmatic phrase hinting at a graceful, possibly two-lined dance (cf. Genesis 32:1–2’s “two camps”). The bride is on display, yet she remains single-hearted toward her groom.


Song of Solomon Chapter 6 offers a profound exploration of love, adoration, and beauty through the eyes of lovers. The passionate discourse between the Shulammite woman and her beloved paints a vivid tapestry of longing, search, and discovery. It also serves as a poetic guide to the depths of romantic and faithful love.

Authorship and Historical Setting

• Traditionally ascribed to Solomon (1 Kings 4:32; Songs 1:1).

• Timeframe: 10th century BC, early in Solomon’s reign, when Israel enjoyed peace and wealth.

• Tirzah (v. 4) later became the first capital of the Northern Kingdom (1 Kings 14:17); Jerusalem was the Southern capital. Pairing them underscores national unity under one groom-king.

• The mention of “sixty queens and eighty concubines” echoes Solomon’s growing harem (1 Kings 11:3) yet spotlights the single bride as the focus of true love.

Major Themes

1. Exclusive Covenant Love – The phrase “I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine” (v. 3) mirrors earlier statements (2:16; 7:10).

2. Beauty Celebrated – Physical compliments are concrete, wholesome, and affectionate.

3. Garden Imagery – Gardens (vv. 2, 11) picture fertility, security, and private delight (Genesis 2:8-9).

4. Public Witness – Onlookers admire the couple (vv. 10, 13), showing that righteous love can be publicly honored (Proverbs 31:28-29).

Key Word Study

• “Shulammite” (v. 13) – Female form of “Solomon,” possibly “peaceful one,” suggesting harmony.

• “Mahanaim” (v. 13) – “Two camps”; Jacob named the site where angels met him (Genesis 32:1-2). The dance may picture two lines facing each other, bride and groom encircled by witnesses.

• “Lilies” (vv. 2-3) – Recurring emblem of purity and freshness (Hosea 14:5; Matthew 6:28-29).

• “Banners unfurled” (v. 4) – Military yet festive; her beauty rallies the groom’s heart like a victorious flag.

Historical and Archaeological Insights

• Tirzah’s ruins at Tell el-Farah (North) reveal a well-watered, scenic city, fitting the compliment.

• Jerusalem in Solomon’s day was undergoing lavish expansion (1 Kings 7). Calling the bride “lovely as Jerusalem” pairs her femininity with the city’s grandeur.

• Walnuts (v. 11) grew in the Jordan valley; pomegranates, vines, and spices match excavated garden remains around Iron Age estates.

• Chariots (v. 12) were elite transport; Solomon imported them from Egypt (1 Kings 10:26-29). Being placed “among the royal chariots” pictures elevation to highest status.

Connections to the Wider Canon

Genesis 2:24 – Exclusive union; Songs 6 celebrates the same ideal.

Ephesians 5:25-33 – Christ’s self-giving love for the Church reflected in the groom’s devotion.

Psalm 45 – Another royal love song praising a bride’s beauty.

Revelation 19:7-9 – Marriage supper of the Lamb; the bride’s radiance in Songs 6 foreshadows the Church’s future glory.

Isaiah 62:4-5 – The Lord rejoices over Zion “as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride.”

Marriage and Purity Lessons

• Pursuit Never Ends – Even after union, the couple keep pursuing and praising each other (vv. 1-4).

• Public Praise Matters – The groom speaks honorably of his bride in front of others (vv. 4-10).

• Singled-Out Commitment – One beloved outshines every alternative (vv. 8-9); modern faithfulness rejects all rivals—physical or digital.

• Appreciation of Physical Beauty – Scripture treats the body as God-given, not shameful, encouraging spouses to express admiration.

• Shared Spiritual Gardens – The bride knows her groom’s whereabouts because they share a “garden” of common values and rhythms.

Christ-Centered Foreshadowing

• The groom’s eye-catching banners (v. 4) hint at Christ the Conqueror (Revelation 19:11-16).

• The bride’s uniqueness (v. 9) pictures the redeemed Church, “a chosen people” (1 Peter 2:9).

• Her celestial radiance (v. 10) parallels the Church “clothed with the sun” (Revelation 12:1).

• The dance of Mahanaim (v. 13) recalls angels and humans together—a glimpse of heavenly celebration.

Cultural Notes and Customs

• Goat and sheep metaphors come from everyday shepherd scenes, instantly understood by ancient listeners.

• Women often wore veils; comparing cheeks to pomegranate halves (v. 7) evokes the moment when color peeks through sheer fabric.

• Public dances were common at harvest festivals (Judges 21:19-21). Observers would encircle the dancers, mirroring the chorus’ role in v. 13.

• Multiple wives in royal courts were a political norm, yet the text subtly critiques the practice by exalting one true love.

Geography in the Passage

• Gilead – Hills east of Jordan; dark goats descending a pale hillside create a striking visual (v. 5).

• Lebanon – Though not named here, cedar imagery elsewhere in the Song frames a north-south panorama, uniting the land in a love poem.

• Valley Gardens – Likely in the low-lying areas around Jerusalem or the Shulammite’s northern home, fertile and lush.

Outline of Imagery

1. City Splendor – Tirzah and Jerusalem.

2. Pastoral Scenes – Goats, sheep, lilies.

3. Garden Growth – Walnut grove, vines, pomegranates.

4. Celestial Lights – Dawn, moon, sun, stars.

5. Military Grandeur – Banners, chariots.

6. Festive Dance – Mahanaim.

Practical Takeaways for Today

• Know Where Your Beloved Is – Cultivate shared habits—prayer, conversation, service—that make it easy to find each other.

• Speak Life – Compliments voiced frequently strengthen covenant bonds.

• Value Exclusivity – In a world of options, choose one and keep choosing.

• Let Others See Healthy Love – When believers honor marriage publicly, they offer a living testimony of God’s faithfulness.

• Celebrate Growth – Notice the “buds” in each other’s lives; encourage emerging gifts and graces.

Connections to Additional Scriptures
Proverbs 31:10
Who can find a virtuous wife? For her worth is far more than rubies. This verse complements the theme of valuing and admiring one's spouse.

Ephesians 5:25
Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her. This New Testament passage echoes the call to love and cherish one's spouse deeply.

1 Peter 3:7
Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as a delicate vessel, and with honor as fellow heirs of the gracious gift of life. This verse reinforces the importance of respect and honor in relationships.
Teaching Points
The Search for the Beloved
The chapter begins with the daughters of Jerusalem asking, Where has your beloved gone, O most beautiful among women? (Song of Solomon 6:1). This highlights the communal aspect of love and the importance of seeking and valuing the beloved.

Admiration and Praise
The bridegroom's description of his beloved in verses 4-10 is filled with admiration. He compares her to Tirzah and Jerusalem, cities known for their beauty and strength (Song of Solomon 6:4). This teaches us the importance of expressing appreciation and admiration in relationships.

Unique and Special
The bride is described as unique and the only daughter of her mother (Song of Solomon 6:9). This emphasizes the value of seeing one's partner as unique and irreplaceable, a perspective that fosters deep respect and love.

Beauty and Awe
The bridegroom's awe is evident as he describes his beloved as awesome as an army with banners (Song of Solomon 6:10). This metaphor suggests that true beauty is powerful and commanding, worthy of reverence.
Practical Applications
Express Appreciation
Regularly express admiration and appreciation for your spouse or loved ones. Acknowledge their unique qualities and the ways they enrich your life.

Seek and Value Relationships
Just as the daughters of Jerusalem sought the beloved, prioritize seeking and nurturing your relationships. Value the people God has placed in your life.

Celebrate Uniqueness
Recognize and celebrate the unique qualities of those you love. Avoid comparisons and appreciate them for who they are.

Embrace Beauty with Reverence
Understand that true beauty is not just physical but also spiritual and emotional. Approach it with reverence and gratitude.
People
1. The Beloved (Bridegroom)
Often interpreted as Solomon or a representation of Christ, the Beloved is the male figure who expresses deep love and admiration for the Shulammite. He praises her beauty and uniqueness, highlighting the intimate and cherished relationship between them. The Hebrew term "דּוֹדִי" (dodi) is used, meaning "my beloved."

2. The Shulammite (Bride)
The female protagonist, often seen as a representation of the Church or the individual believer. She is the object of the Beloved's affection and is described with vivid imagery that emphasizes her beauty and purity. The term "שׁוּלַמִּית" (Shulammith) is used, which is thought to be a feminine form of Solomon or a reference to her place of origin.

3. The Daughters of Jerusalem
These are the chorus-like figures who interact with the Shulammite, often asking questions or making observations. They represent the community or onlookers who witness the love between the Beloved and the Shulammite. The Hebrew term "בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם" (benot Yerushalayim) is used, meaning "daughters of Jerusalem."
Places
1. Garden
The garden is a recurring motif in the Song of Solomon, symbolizing beauty, fertility, and intimacy. In Song of Solomon 6:2, the beloved says, "My beloved has gone down to his garden, to the beds of spices, to graze in the gardens and gather lilies." The Hebrew word for garden, "גַּן" (gan), often represents a place of delight and abundance.

2. Beds of Spices
This phrase refers to the lush and aromatic areas within the garden, as mentioned in Song of Solomon 6:2. The "beds of spices" symbolize the richness and allure of the beloved's presence and the relationship.

3. Terraces of Lebanon
In Song of Solomon 6:4, the beloved is compared to "Tirzah, my darling, as lovely as Jerusalem, as majestic as an army with banners." The terraces of Lebanon are not directly mentioned in this verse, but Lebanon is often associated with majesty and grandeur in biblical poetry. The Hebrew root "לְבָנוֹן" (Levanon) signifies the majestic mountain range known for its cedars.

4. Tirzah
Tirzah is mentioned in Song of Solomon 6:4 as a place of beauty. Historically, Tirzah was a city known for its pleasantness and was once the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. The name "תִּרְצָה" (Tirzah) in Hebrew can mean "delight" or "pleasure."

5. Jerusalem
Also in Song of Solomon 6:4, Jerusalem is used as a metaphor for beauty and splendor. The city holds deep spiritual and historical significance as the center of worship and the heart of Israel. The Hebrew "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim) is often associated with peace and divine presence.
Events
1. The Daughters of Jerusalem Inquire
The chapter begins with the daughters of Jerusalem asking the Shulammite woman where her beloved has gone. They express a desire to seek him with her. This reflects the communal aspect of seeking love and the importance of fellowship in relationships. (Song of Solomon 6:1)

2. The Shulammite's Response
The Shulammite woman responds by affirming her beloved's presence in the garden, among the beds of spices, indicating a place of intimacy and delight. This symbolizes the deep and personal relationship between the lovers. (Song of Solomon 6:2)

3. Mutual Belonging
She declares, "I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine; he grazes among the lilies." This statement emphasizes mutual possession and commitment, reflecting the covenantal nature of love. The Hebrew root for "beloved" (דּוֹדִי, dodi) signifies a deep, affectionate relationship. (Song of Solomon 6:3)

4. The Beloved's Praise
The beloved praises the Shulammite's beauty, comparing her to Tirzah and Jerusalem, cities known for their splendor. He describes her as "majestic as an army with banners," highlighting her captivating presence and strength. (Song of Solomon 6:4)

5. Description of Beauty
The beloved continues to describe her beauty, focusing on her eyes, hair, teeth, and temples. Each feature is likened to elements of nature and strength, such as flocks of goats and pomegranates, illustrating the harmony and allure of her appearance. (Song of Solomon 6:5-7)

6. Unique and Peerless
The beloved declares that there are sixty queens and eighty concubines, but the Shulammite is unique and unparalleled. This underscores her singularity and the exclusivity of their relationship. The Hebrew term for "unique" (אַחַת, achat) conveys the idea of being one-of-a-kind. (Song of Solomon 6:8-9)

7. Admiration by Others
The daughters and queens praise the Shulammite, acknowledging her beauty and grace. This communal recognition reinforces her esteemed position and the admiration she commands. (Song of Solomon 6:9)

8. The Shulammite's Radiance
The beloved describes her as "bright as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun," emphasizing her radiant and awe-inspiring presence. These celestial comparisons highlight her transcendent beauty. (Song of Solomon 6:10)

9. The Shulammite's Garden Visit
The Shulammite recounts her visit to the garden of nut trees to see the budding vines and pomegranates. This reflects a return to nature and the renewal of love, symbolizing growth and fertility. (Song of Solomon 6:11)

10. Sudden Realization
She expresses a sudden awareness of her elevated status, as if her soul had been set among the chariots of her noble people. This indicates a recognition of her worth and the honor bestowed upon her. (Song of Solomon 6:12)
Topics
1. The Beauty of the Beloved (Song of Solomon 6:1-3)
This section highlights the admiration and search for the beloved. The daughters of Jerusalem inquire about the whereabouts of the beloved, and the bride responds by affirming her deep connection with him. The Hebrew word "דּוֹדִי" (dodi), meaning "my beloved," emphasizes the intimate and exclusive relationship between the bride and her beloved. The passage reflects the mutual belonging and commitment, as seen in the phrase, "I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine" (Song of Solomon 6:3).

2. The Majesty of the Bride (Song of Solomon 6:4-7)
The bridegroom extols the beauty and majesty of the bride, comparing her to cities and natural wonders. The use of metaphors such as "as beautiful as Tirzah" and "as lovely as Jerusalem" (Song of Solomon 6:4) underscores her captivating presence. The Hebrew word "יָפָה" (yafah), meaning "beautiful," is used to describe her, indicating a beauty that is both physical and spiritual.

3. The Uniqueness of the Bride (Song of Solomon 6:8-9)
The bride is distinguished from others, described as "unique" and "the only daughter of her mother" (Song of Solomon 6:9). This section emphasizes her singularity and the special place she holds in the eyes of the bridegroom. The Hebrew term "אַחַת" (achat), meaning "one" or "unique," highlights her distinctiveness and the exclusivity of her relationship with the bridegroom.

4. The Praise of the Bride by Others (Song of Solomon 6:10)
The bride is admired not only by the bridegroom but also by others, who describe her as "bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession" (Song of Solomon 6:10). This communal recognition of her beauty and grace suggests a broader acknowledgment of her virtues. The imagery used here reflects her radiant and awe-inspiring presence.

5. The Bridegroom’s Delight in the Bride (Song of Solomon 6:11-12)
The bridegroom expresses his delight and joy in the presence of the bride. The passage conveys a sense of surprise and wonder at the bride's beauty and the effect she has on him. The Hebrew root "שׁוּב" (shuv), meaning "to return" or "to turn back," is used in the context of the bridegroom's desire to be with the bride, indicating a longing and eagerness to be reunited with her.

6. The Call to Return (Song of Solomon 6:13)
The chapter concludes with a call for the bride to return, emphasizing the desire for her presence. The repeated plea, "Return, return, O Shulammite" (Song of Solomon 6:13), underscores the longing and anticipation for her return. The name "Shulammite" is derived from the Hebrew root "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom), meaning "peace" or "completeness," suggesting that her presence brings fulfillment and harmony.
Themes
1. Beauty and Admiration
In Song of Solomon 6, there is a strong theme of beauty and admiration, particularly in the way the beloved is described. The lover praises the beloved's beauty, comparing her to "Tirzah" and "Jerusalem" (Song of Solomon 6:4). The Hebrew word for beauty, "יָפֶה" (yafeh), emphasizes the aesthetic and pleasing nature of the beloved, highlighting the admiration and deep affection present in the relationship.

2. Unity and Exclusivity
The theme of unity and exclusivity is evident in the description of the beloved as "my dove, my perfect one" (Song of Solomon 6:9). The Hebrew word "תַּמָּתִי" (tamati) for "perfect one" suggests completeness and uniqueness, underscoring the exclusive bond between the lovers. This reflects the conservative Christian view of marriage as a sacred and exclusive union.

3. Praise and Honor
The passage also emphasizes praise and honor, as the beloved is exalted among "queens and concubines" (Song of Solomon 6:8-9). The Hebrew root "שָׁבַח" (shabach) for praise indicates a public declaration of admiration and respect, aligning with the Christian principle of honoring one's spouse.

4. Divine Creation and Order
The imagery of gardens and natural beauty in Song of Solomon 6:11-12 reflects the theme of divine creation and order. The Hebrew word "גַּן" (gan) for garden symbolizes a place of life and growth, pointing to God's creative power and the order He establishes in relationships.

5. Restoration and Reconciliation
The theme of restoration and reconciliation is subtly present in the return to the garden imagery, suggesting a renewal of love and commitment. The Hebrew concept of "שׁוּב" (shuv), meaning to return or restore, is implicit in the movement back to a place of intimacy and connection, resonating with the Christian belief in forgiveness and reconciliation within relationships.
Answering Tough Questions
1. (Song of Solomon 6:8) How can sixty queens and eighty concubines align with Solomon’s reputed 700 wives and 300 concubines (1 Kings 11:3)?

2. (Song of Solomon 6:4) Was “Tirzah” actually significant during Solomon’s reign, or is this reference an anachronism undermining authorship claims?

3. (Song of Solomon 6:4,10) Does comparing a lover to a “terrible army with banners” suggest hyperbole that conflicts with a literal reading of the text?

4. (Song of Solomon 6:10) Does the imagery “fair as the moon, clear as the sun” reflect ancient cosmologies and thus challenge modern scientific understanding?

5. (Song of Solomon 6:11) Is there archaeological evidence supporting this depiction of nut orchards and blossoming valleys, or might it be purely metaphorical?

Bible Study Discussion Questions

1. How does the Shulammite woman's confidence in her beloved's location reflect her trust in their relationship?

2. How can we apply the concept of steadfast love in our own relationships?

3. The lover's description of the Shulammite woman is full of symbolism. What do these symbols mean, and how do they reflect his view of her?

4. How does the use of nature throughout the chapter reflect the purity and depth of their love?

5. What does the term "faithful love" mean to you based on this chapter?

6. How does the beloved's admiration for the Shulammite woman challenge modern standards of beauty?

7. How does the mutual longing between the Shulammite woman and her lover mirror our spiritual longing for God?

8. How does the anticipation of reuniting with the beloved in verse 13 inspire you in your spiritual journey?

9. In what ways can you apply the themes of longing, search, and discovery to your personal spiritual journey?

10. How does the use of specific locations in the lover's description of the Shulammite woman's beauty provide a deeper meaning to his admiration?

11. What do the gardens symbolize in the context of their relationship?

12. How can the steadfast love depicted in this chapter be a model for modern relationships?

13. What does it mean to 'belong' to someone in the context of a loving relationship as described in this chapter?

14. How does this chapter challenge or affirm your views on romantic love?

15. How does the Shulammite woman’s invitation to her lover to join her in the gardens reflect on the idea of invitation in relationships?

16. In the face of adversity or separation, how would you maintain faithfulness and connection as shown in this chapter?

17. How can the imagery used in the lover's description of the Shulammite woman inspire a deeper appreciation for beauty in your daily life?

18. How does this chapter inspire you to express your feelings towards your loved ones more openly and honestly?

19. How does the anticipation of reunion depicted in this chapter apply to your feelings about the promise of eternal life?

20. In what ways can the themes in this chapter be applied to strengthen your relationship with God?



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