Lexical Summary parorgizó: To provoke to anger, to exasperate Original Word: παροργίζω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance anger, provoke to wrath. From para and orgizo; to anger alongside, i.e. Enrage -- anger, provoke to wrath. see GREEK para see GREEK orgizo HELPS Word-studies 3949 parorgízō (from 3844 /pará, "from close-beside" and 3710 /orgízō, "become angry") – properly, rouse someone to anger; to provoke in a way that "really pushes someone's buttons," i.e. to "really get to them" in an "up-close-and-personal" way (because so near, literally "close beside"). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom para and orgizó Definition to provoke to anger NASB Translation anger (1), provoke...to anger (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 3949: παροργίζωπαροργίζω; Attic future (cf. Buttmann, 37 (32); WH's Appendix, 163) παροργιῶ; to rouse to wrath, to provoke, exasperate, anger (cf. παρά, IV. 3): Romans 10:19; Ephesians 6:4; and Lachmann in Colossians 3:21. (Demosthenes, p. 805, 19; Philo de somn. ii. § 26; the Sept. chiefly for הִכְעִיס.) Topical Lexicon Overview Strong's Greek 3949 conveys the idea of rousing someone to indignation. Although it appears only twice in the Greek New Testament, its significance is far-reaching, touching Israel’s covenant history and the Christian household alike. Biblical Usage • Romans 10:19 employs the verb in the context of God’s redemptive strategy for Israel: “I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation; I will anger you by a nation without understanding”. Paul cites Deuteronomy 32:21 to demonstrate that Israel’s provocation is neither accidental nor capricious but an intentional spur driving them back to covenant faithfulness. Theological Themes 1. Divine Jealousy and Mercy In Romans 10:19 God “angers” Israel by blessing Gentiles. The provocation is remedial, not punitive, designed to awaken covenant jealousy that leads to salvation (Romans 11:11-14). This demonstrates both the steadfast love and sovereign freedom of God: He chastens in order to restore. 2. Parental Authority under Christ Ephesians 6:4 balances parental authority with covenant nurture. Fathers who provoke their children undermine the very obedience they seek. The verse underscores a Christ-centered model of discipline—firm yet compassionate—that reflects the Fatherhood of God (Hebrews 12:5-11). 3. Continuity with Old Testament Warnings The Septuagint uses cognate forms when Israel “provoked” the LORD by idolatry (Deuteronomy 4:25; 32:16; Psalm 78:58). Paul’s citation links Israel’s past rebellion with their present unbelief, affirming the consistency of God’s dealings across both covenants. Historical Insights Early Christian writers saw Romans 10:19 as an explanation for the missionary expansion among Gentiles. The apologist Justin Martyr argued that Gentile faith was the prophesied stimulus to Israel’s repentance. In post-apostolic catechesis, Ephesians 6:4 became a foundational text for family instruction manuals, emphasizing that Christian parenting is fundamentally discipleship. Pastoral and Ministry Implications • Evangelism and Intercession for Israel Gentile believers should recognize their role in provoking Israel to holy envy, not hostility. A life marked by gratitude can become the very instrument God uses to draw the Jewish people to Messiah (Romans 11:11). • Parenting and Church Leadership Training Churches training parents should pair Ephesians 6:4 with practical outworking in Colossians 3:21 and Proverbs 22:6. Discipline must be purposeful, consistent, and gospel-saturated, guarding children from bitterness and drawing them toward Christ. • Conflict Resolution The concept warns leaders against manipulative tactics that inflame anger. James 1:19-20 reminds believers that “the anger of man does not produce the righteousness of God”; therefore, ministry approaches should avoid provocation and pursue peace. Illustrative Biblical Parallels • Moses’ Failure at Meribah (Numbers 20:10-13) shows how leadership frustration can provoke and ultimately dishonor God. Practical Application 1. Examine motives: Is correction aimed at restoration or merely venting frustration? In sum, Strong’s Greek 3949 highlights the thin line between righteous provocation that leads to repentance and unrighteous provocation that breeds resentment. Scripture calls believers to mirror God’s redemptive heart, whether evangelizing nations or nurturing children, steering clear of needless offense while embracing correction that restores. Forms and Transliterations παροργιζετε παροργίζετε παροργίζητέ παροργίζοντες παροργίζοντές παροργίζουσι παροργίζων παροργίσαι παροργίσαί παροργίσματα παροργισμάτων παροργίσωσι παροργίσωσί παροργιω παροργιώ παροργιῶ παρώργισαν παρώργισάν παρώργισας παρωργίσατε παρώργισε παρώργισεν parorgio parorgiô parorgiō parorgiō̂ parorgizete parorgízeteLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Romans 10:19 V-FIA-1SGRK: ἔθνει ἀσυνέτῳ παροργιῶ ὑμᾶς NAS: WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING WILL I ANGER YOU. KJV: a foolish nation I will anger you. INT: a nation without understanding I will anger you Ephesians 6:4 V-PMA-2P Strong's Greek 3949 |
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