347. Iyyob
Lexical Summary
Iyyob: Job

Original Word: אִיּוֹב
Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine
Transliteration: Iyowb
Pronunciation: ee-yobe'
Phonetic Spelling: (ee-yobe')
KJV: Job
NASB: Job, Job's
Word Origin: [from H340 (אָיַב - enemies)]

1. hated (i.e. persecuted)
2. Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
Job

From 'ayab; hated (i.e. Persecuted); Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience -- Job.

see HEBREW 'ayab

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
of uncertain derivation
Definition
a patriarch
NASB Translation
Job (56), Job's (2).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
אִיּוֺב proper name, masculine Job (meaning unknown; Thes √ איב; object of enmity, compare for passive sense יִלּוֺד; Ew compare Arabic he who turns (to God); but compare Di on Ezekiel 1:1; all dubious compare LagBN 90) Job 1:1,5 (3 t. in verse); Job 1:8,9,14 48t. Job; Ezekiel 14:14,20.

אֵיד, אֵד see אוּד.

אַיָּה see III. אוה, below אוֺי.

אַיֵּה see אַי. אִיִּים see III. אוה.

אֵיךְ, אֵיכָה, אֵיכָכָה see ib.

אַיִל, אַיָּל, אַיָּלָה, אַיָּלוֺן, אֵילוֺן, אֵילָם, אֵילִם, אֵילַת, אֵילוֺת etc. see אול.

Topical Lexicon
Overview

Job (Hebrew אִיּוֹב, ’Īyōḇ) stands as the central figure of the wisdom book that bears his name and is referenced approximately fifty-eight times in the Old Testament. His narrative explores the mystery of undeserved suffering under the absolute sovereignty of God and displays the perseverance of faith that triumphs over accusation, confusion, and loss.

Historical Setting and Authorship

The events appear to take place in the patriarchal period: Job’s wealth is measured in livestock (Job 1:3), his lifespan is unusually long (Job 42:16), and there is no reference to Israel’s covenant institutions. He lives “in the land of Uz” (Job 1:1), a region likely east or southeast of the Jordan, bordering Edom (Lamentations 4:21). While the composition date of the book is debated, Scripture treats Job as a real historical person; Ezekiel cites him alongside Noah and Daniel as examples of exceptional righteousness (Ezekiel 14:14, 20).

Occurrences Across Scripture

1. Book of Job (56 uses): from “Job” (Job 1:1) to “the death of Job” (Job 42:17).
2. Ezekiel 14:14, 20: Job’s righteousness cannot avert national judgment.

(Only these two passages outside the book itself employ the Hebrew form אִיּוֹב.)

Character Profile

• Upright and blameless (Job 1:1).
• A family priest who “offered burnt offerings” for his children (Job 1:5).
• A philanthropist and judge who delivered the poor, the orphan, and the widow (Job 29:12-16).
• Tested yet steadfast: “In all this, Job did not sin, nor did he accuse God of wrongdoing” (Job 1:22).

Key Passages

Job 1:21 – “The LORD gave and the LORD has taken away. Blessed be the name of the LORD.”
Job 13:15 – “Though He slay me, yet will I hope in Him.”
Job 19:25-27 – “I know that my Redeemer lives… in my flesh I will see God.”
Job 42:5-6 – “My ears had heard of You, but now my eyes have seen You. Therefore I retract my words and repent in dust and ashes.”

Theological Themes and Doctrinal Significance

1. The Sovereignty of God: Satan operates only under divine permission (Job 1:12; 2:6).
2. The Problem of Suffering: Righteousness does not guarantee earthly ease; suffering can serve divine purposes beyond human comprehension.
3. Justification by Faith: Job insists on fellowship with God apart from any merit-based system (Job 9:32-35; 13:15).
4. Eschatological Hope: Job anticipates bodily resurrection and a living Redeemer (Job 19:25-27).
5. Mediator Motif: Job yearns for an “arbiter” (Job 9:33) and “intercessor” (Job 16:19-21), foreshadowing the High-Priestly ministry of Jesus Christ.

Job in Later Biblical Reflection

Ezekiel 14 highlights Job’s righteousness as exemplary yet insufficient to halt corporate judgment, underscoring personal responsibility.
James 5:11 points to “the perseverance of Job” and “the outcome from the Lord,” encouraging believers under trial to endure with confidence in God’s compassion and mercy.

Lessons for Ministry and Discipleship

1. Pastoral Theology of Suffering: Job equips shepherds to walk with sufferers without simplistic explanations.
2. Integrity under Trial: Leaders are called to maintain worship and moral purity despite adversity.
3. Counsel and Comfort: The failure of Job’s friends warns against legalistic or formulaic counsel (Job 16:2).
4. Repentance and Restoration: God’s rebuke of Job’s limited perspective leads to deeper revelation and renewed relationships (Job 42:7-10).

Messianic Foreshadowing

Job’s cry for a kinsman-redeemer and mediator prefigures the incarnation and atonement of Christ—the ultimate answer to the suffering of the righteous and the vindication of God’s justice.

Summary

Job exemplifies steadfast faith amid unexplained affliction. His testimony affirms divine sovereignty, exposes human inadequacy, and points forward to redemptive hope fulfilled in the risen Redeemer.

Forms and Transliterations
אִ֭יּוֹב אִיּ֑וֹב אִיּ֔וֹב אִיּ֖וֹב אִיּ֗וֹב אִיּ֣וֹב אִיּ֥וֹב אִיּֽוֹב׃ אִיּוֹב֒ אִיּוֹב֙ איוב איוב׃ בְּ֭אִיּוֹב באיוב וְ֭אִיּוֹב וְאִיּ֑וֹב וְאִיּ֣וֹב וְאִיּוֹב֮ ואיוב כְּאִיּ֑וֹב כאיוב לְאִיּ֖וֹב לְאִיּ֣וֹב לאיוב ’î·yō·wḇ ’îyōwḇ bə’îyōwḇ bə·’î·yō·wḇ Beiyov iYov kə’îyōwḇ kə·’î·yō·wḇ keiYov lə’îyōwḇ lə·’î·yō·wḇ leiYov Veiyov wə’îyōwḇ wə·’î·yō·wḇ
Links
Interlinear GreekInterlinear HebrewStrong's NumbersEnglishman's Greek ConcordanceEnglishman's Hebrew ConcordanceParallel Texts
Englishman's Concordance
Job 1:1
HEB: בְאֶֽרֶץ־ ע֖וּץ אִיּ֣וֹב שְׁמ֑וֹ וְהָיָ֣ה ׀
NAS: whose name was Job; and that man
KJV: whose name [was] Job; and that man
INT: the land of Uz was Job name become

Job 1:5
HEB: הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֜ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אִיּ֣וֹב וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֗ם וְהִשְׁכִּ֣ים
NAS: had completed their cycle, Job would send
KJV: were gone about, that Job sent
INT: of feasting send Job and consecrate rising

Job 1:5
HEB: כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר אִיּ֔וֹב אוּלַי֙ חָטְא֣וּ
NAS: of them all; for Job said,
KJV: [according] to the number of them all: for Job said,
INT: When said Job Perhaps have sinned

Job 1:5
HEB: כָּ֛כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אִיּ֖וֹב כָּל־ הַיָּמִֽים׃
NAS: Thus Job did
KJV: Thus did Job continually.
INT: Thus did Job all the days

Job 1:8
HEB: עַל־ עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּ֑וֹב כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין
NAS: My servant Job? For there is no one
KJV: my servant Job, that [there is] none like him in the earth,
INT: and my servant Job for is no

Job 1:9
HEB: הַֽחִנָּ֔ם יָרֵ֥א אִיּ֖וֹב אֱלֹהִֽים׃
NAS: answered the LORD, Does Job fear God
KJV: the LORD, and said, Doth Job fear God
INT: free fear Job God

Job 1:14
HEB: בָּ֥א אֶל־ אִיּ֖וֹב וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַבָּקָר֙
NAS: came to Job and said,
KJV: a messenger unto Job, and said,
INT: came to Job and said the oxen

Job 1:20
HEB: וַיָּ֤קָם אִיּוֹב֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־
NAS: Then Job arose and tore
KJV: Then Job arose, and rent
INT: arose Job and tore his robe

Job 1:22
HEB: לֹא־ חָטָ֣א אִיּ֑וֹב וְלֹא־ נָתַ֥ן
NAS: Through all this Job did not sin nor
KJV: In all this Job sinned
INT: nor sin Job nor charged

Job 2:3
HEB: אֶל־ עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּוֹב֒ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין
NAS: My servant Job? For there is no one
KJV: my servant Job, that [there is] none like him in the earth,
INT: about my servant Job for is no

Job 2:7
HEB: וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־ אִיּוֹב֙ בִּשְׁחִ֣ין רָ֔ע
NAS: and smote Job with sore
KJV: and smote Job with sore
INT: of the LORD and smote Job boils sore

Job 2:10
HEB: לֹא־ חָטָ֥א אִיּ֖וֹב בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו׃ פ
NAS: this Job did not sin
KJV: evil? In all this did not Job sin
INT: did not sin Job his lips

Job 2:11
HEB: שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת ׀ רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל־
NAS: Now when Job's three friends
KJV: Now when Job's three friends
INT: three friends Job's of all evil

Job 3:1
HEB: כֵ֗ן פָּתַ֤ח אִיּוֹב֙ אֶת־ פִּ֔יהוּ
NAS: Afterward Job opened his mouth
KJV: this opened Job his mouth,
INT: after that opened Job his mouth and cursed

Job 3:2
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: And Job said,
KJV: And Job spake, and said,
INT: spake and Job and said

Job 6:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job answered,
KJV: But Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 9:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job answered,
KJV: Then Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 12:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job responded,
KJV: And Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 16:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job answered,
KJV: Then Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 19:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job responded,
KJV: Then Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 21:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job answered,
KJV: But Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 23:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job replied,
KJV: Then Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 26:1
HEB: וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃
NAS: Then Job responded,
KJV: But Job answered and said,
INT: answered Job and said

Job 27:1
HEB: וַיֹּ֣סֶף אִ֭יּוֹב שְׂאֵ֥ת מְשָׁל֗וֹ
NAS: Then Job continued his discourse
KJV: Moreover Job continued his parable,
INT: add Job accept his discourse

Job 29:1
HEB: וַיֹּ֣סֶף אִ֭יּוֹב שְׂאֵ֥ת מְשָׁל֗וֹ
NAS: And Job again took
KJV: Moreover Job continued his parable,
INT: again and Job took his discourse

58 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 347
58 Occurrences


bə·’î·yō·wḇ — 1 Occ.
’î·yō·wḇ — 50 Occ.
kə·’î·yō·wḇ — 1 Occ.
lə·’î·yō·wḇ — 2 Occ.
wə·’î·yō·wḇ — 4 Occ.

346
Top of Page
Top of Page