340. ayab

Lexicon

ayab: To be hostile to, to be an enemy, to oppose

Original Word: אָיַב
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ayab
Pronunciation: ah-yav'
Phonetic Spelling: (aw-yab')
Definition: To be hostile to, to be an enemy, to oppose
Meaning: to hate

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

be an enemy

A primitive root; to hate (as one of an opposite tribe or party); hence to be hostile -- be an enemy.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to be hostile to
NASB Translation
enemies (196), enemies' (2), enemy (79), enemy to your enemies (1), enemy's (1), foes (2).

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[אָיַב]²⁸³ verb be hostile to (Assyrian aibu (see Dl^w), enemy = אֹיֵב) —

Qal Perfect וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Exodus 23:22; Participle אוֺיֵב (אֹיֵב) Exodus 15:6 +; suffix (אוֺיְבִי)אֹיְבִי) 2 Samuel 22:18 = Psalm 18:18 +; feminine suffix אֹיַבְתִּי Micah 7:8,10; אֹיִבְךָ Exodus 23:4 +, etc.; plural אֹויְבִים Psalm 68:24; Psalm 127:5; אֹיְבִים Psalm 139:22, etc.; — be hostile to, treat as enemy Exodus 23:22 (E, Cov't code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶתאֹֿיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶתצֹֿרְרֶיךָ (subject ׳י); elsewhere Participle 1 Samuel 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶתדָּֿוִד; usually as substantive & mostly suffix; enemy, of personal foe Exodus 23:4 (E "" שׂנֵא Exodus 23:5) Numbers 35:23 (P) 1 Samuel 19:17 (compare 1 Samuel 18:29) 1 Samuel 24:5; 1 Samuel 24:20; 2 Samuel 4:8; 1 Kings 21:20; Job 27:7; Psalm 54:9; Psalm 55:13 ("" מְשַׂנֵּא; opposed to אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע Psalm 55:14) Micah 2:8; Proverbs 16:7; Proverbs 24:17 +; in simile Jeremiah 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֺיֵב); of public national enemy, singular Judges 16:23,24; collective Exodus 15:6,9; Deuteronomy 33:27; Nahum 3:11; 2Chronicles 6:24 +; personified Micah 7:8,10; more often plural Exodus 23:22 (E) Leviticus 26:7 f (H) Numbers 10:9 (P) Deuteronomy 1:42; Deuteronomy 6:19; Jeremiah 15:9; Jeremiah 34:20,21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Numbers 10:35 (J) Judges 5:31; 1 Samuel 30:26; 2 Samuel 18:19; Psalm 66:3; Psalm 68:1; Psalm 68:22; Nahum 1:2,8; Isaiah 66:6 +; as morally supreme Job 13:24; Job 33:10; Psalm 37:20; Psalm 92:10 (twice in verse) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Isaiah 63:10, in simile Lamentations 2:4,5.

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • G480 (ἀντιτάσσω, antitassō): to set against, oppose
• G1377 (διώκω, diōkō): to pursue, persecute
• G2189 (ἔχθρα, echthra): enmity, hostility
• G2190 (ἐχθρός, echthros): enemy, hostile
• G2346 (θλίβω, thlibō): to press, afflict
• G5227 (ὑπεναντίος, hypenantios): contrary, opposed

These Greek terms reflect various aspects of enmity and opposition, paralleling the Hebrew concept of אָיַב (ʾāyab) in the New Testament context. They are used to describe both personal and spiritual adversaries, emphasizing the continuity of the theme of enmity across the biblical canon.

Usage: The verb אָיַב (ʾāyab) is used in the Hebrew Bible to denote the act of hating or being an enemy. It is often used in contexts where hostility or enmity is expressed between individuals, groups, or nations.

Context: The Hebrew verb אָיַב (ʾāyab) is a primitive root that conveys the concept of enmity or hatred. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, often in contexts of conflict or opposition. The term is used to describe both personal and national enmity. For instance, in Exodus 23:22, the Lord promises to be an enemy to the enemies of Israel: "But if you listen carefully to His voice and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes."

The verb is also used in the Psalms to express the psalmist's plea for deliverance from enemies, as seen in Psalm 18:17: "He rescued me from my powerful enemy, from foes too mighty for me." In these contexts, the term underscores the adversarial relationship between the psalmist and those who seek his harm.

In the prophetic literature, the term is used to describe the enmity between God and those who oppose His will. For example, in Isaiah 63:10, the rebellion of the people causes God to become their enemy: "But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit. So He turned and became their enemy, and He Himself fought against them."

The concept of enmity in the Hebrew Bible often carries a moral dimension, where hatred is not merely a personal feeling but a stance against God's purposes or His people. The term is thus significant in understanding the relational dynamics between individuals, nations, and the divine.

Forms and Transliterations

אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ איביך ’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā ’ōyəḇeḵā oyeVeicha

Englishman's Concordance

Exodus 23:22
HEB: וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־ אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־
NAS: that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary
KJV: all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies,
INT: say enemies will be an enemy and an adversary to your adversaries

1 Occurrence

Strong's Hebrew 340
1 Occurrence

’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā — 1 Occ.