Lexical Summary amith: Companion, fellow, neighbor Original Word: עָמִית Strong's Exhaustive Concordance another, fellow, neighbor From a primitive root meaning to associate; companionship; hence (concretely) a comrade or kindred man -- another, fellow, neighbour. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom an unused word Definition an associate, fellow, relation NASB Translation another (2), associate (1), companion (2), friend (2), friend's (1), neighbor (3), neighbor's (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [עָמִית] noun masculineLeviticus 18:20 associate, fellow, relation (perhaps originally feminine abstract association, compare מֶּחָה); — always suffix: גֶּבֶר עֲמִיתִי Zechariah 13:7 a man (who is) my fellow; elsewhere only Leviticus: עֲמִיתוֺ Zechariah 5:21 (twice in verse); reciprocal אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֺ Zech 19:11; Zech 24:19, cf . Zech 25:17; עֲמִיתְךָ Zech 18:20, עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ Zech 19:15; Zech 19:17; Zech 25:14 (twice in verse); Zech 25:15. עַמִּיאֵל and similar proper names see below I. עמם. Topical Lexicon Semantic Range and Concept עָמִית (ʿāmît) designates a “fellow,” “associate,” or “companion” who stands on equal footing within the covenant community. The word always describes a peer‐to‐peer relationship in which mutual obligations are assumed. It is more personal than a mere “other person,” yet broader than an intimate friend. In Leviticus it points to the ordinary Israelite with whom one shares land, commerce, or social space; in Zechariah it rises to describe an exalted Companion standing next to the LORD Himself. Distribution in Scripture Twelve occurrences cluster in Leviticus (eleven times) and once in Zechariah: • Leviticus 6:2 (twice) The concentration in Leviticus ties the term to the Holiness Code (Leviticus 17–26), where holiness is expressed not only in worship but in neighborly ethics. The solitary prophetic use in Zechariah endows the word with eschatological and messianic significance. Ethical Mandates among the Covenant Community In Leviticus 19:11 the LORD urgently links personal integrity with covenant loyalty: “You must not steal; you must not lie or deceive one another.” Betrayal of a peer is simultaneously a trespass against God (Leviticus 6:2). The repeated stress on one’s ʿāmît underscores that holiness is tested in ordinary dealings: • Sexual purity: “You must not lie carnally with your neighbor’s wife” (Leviticus 18:20). Commercial Integrity and Social Justice The Year of Jubilee legislation employs ʿāmît to prevent economic oppression: “If you make a sale to your neighbor or buy from your neighbor, you are not to take advantage of one another” (Leviticus 25:14). “You are to buy from your neighbor based on the number of years since the Jubilee” (Leviticus 25:15). “You must not take advantage of each other, but you are to fear your God” (Leviticus 25:17). Thus ʿāmît frames the marketplace as an arena for covenant faithfulness where profit must never eclipse the dignity of a fellow Israelite. Relational Accountability and Conflict Resolution Because an ʿāmît is a social equal, wrongs require honest confrontation and reparations, not harsh domination. Leviticus 6:2–5 details restitution with an added fifth, revealing God’s concern that damaged trust within the community be tangibly repaired. Messianic Overtones in Zechariah 13:7 “Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, against the man who is My companion,” declares the LORD of Hosts. The application of ʿāmît to the Shepherd elevates the Companion to a unique status—distinct from yet alongside Yahweh. Jesus applies this verse to Himself on the eve of the crucifixion (Matthew 26:31), identifying His substitutionary suffering as the stricken Companion whose death scatters and eventually regathers the flock. The term therefore foreshadows the incarnation: God’s equal standing among His people to redeem them. Continuity in New Testament Ethic While the Hebrew term does not appear in Greek, its moral thrust echoes in commands such as “Love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:39) and “Each of you must put off falsehood and speak truthfully to his neighbor” (Ephesians 4:25). The church inherits Israel’s call to treat every brother and sister as an ʿāmît—an equal recipient of grace. Implications for Christian Ministry 1. Interpersonal holiness: Discipleship must emphasize that sin against a fellow believer is sin against God. In every context, עָמִית calls God’s people to honor one another, mirroring the faithfulness of the divine Companion who stood in our place. Forms and Transliterations בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ בעמיתו בעמיתו׃ לַעֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ לעמיתך עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ עֲמִית֔וֹ עֲמִיתִ֔י עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ עֲמִיתֶֽךָ׃ עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ עמיתו עמיתו׃ עמיתי עמיתך עמיתך׃ ‘ă·mî·ṯe·ḵā ‘ă·mî·ṯə·ḵā ‘ă·mî·ṯî ‘ă·mî·ṯōw ‘ămîṯeḵā ‘ămîṯəḵā ‘ămîṯî ‘ămîṯōw amiteCha amiTi amiTo ba‘ămîṯōw ba·‘ă·mî·ṯōw baamiTo la‘ămîṯeḵā la·‘ă·mî·ṯe·ḵā laamiTechaLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Leviticus 6:2 HEB: בַּיהוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־ NAS: and deceives his companion in regard to a deposit KJV: and lie unto his neighbour in that which was delivered INT: the LORD and deceives his companion to a deposit or Leviticus 6:2 Leviticus 18:20 Leviticus 19:11 Leviticus 19:15 Leviticus 19:17 Leviticus 24:19 Leviticus 25:14 Leviticus 25:14 Leviticus 25:15 Leviticus 25:17 Zechariah 13:7 12 Occurrences |
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